Chapter 1: The Nature of Statistics

Question 1

descriptive statistics

Answer 1

methods of organizing and summarizing information

Question 2

inferential statistics

Answer 2

methods for measuring the reliability of conclusions about a population based on info obtained from a sample

Question 3

population

Answer 3

collection of all individuals or items under consideration in a statistical study

Question 4

sample

Answer 4

part of the population from which information is obtained

Question 5

observational study

Answer 5

researchers observe characteristics and take measurements (e.g. sample survey)

Question 6

designed experiment

Answer 6

researchers impose treatments and controls and observe characteristics and take measurements (e.g. clinical trial)

Question 7

Observational studies can reveal only ______, whereas designed experiments can help establish ______.

Answer 7

association; causation

Question 8

census

Answer 8

obtains information for an entire population of interest

Question 9

representative sample

Answer 9

reflects the relevant characteristics of the population under consideration

Question 10

probability sampling

Answer 10

random device is used to decide which members of the population will constitute the sample. Used instead of human judgement to reduce bias

Question 11

simple random sampling

Answer 11

procedure in which each possible sample of a given size is equally likely to be the one obtained

Question 12

simple random sample

Answer 12

sample obtained by simple random sampling

Question 13

simple random sampling with replacement (SRSWR)

Answer 13

a member of the population can be selected more than once

Question 14

simple random sampling without replacement (SRS)

Answer 14

member of the population can be selected at most once

Question 15

Random-number generators

Answer 15

programs to obtain simple random samples. Users should aware of whether a program provides SRSWR or SRS