Chapter 1: The Nature of Analytical Chemistry

Question 1

measure electrical properties such as potential, current, resistance, and quantity of
electrical charge.

Answer 1

electroanalytical methods

Question 2

determine the mass of the analyte or some compound chemically related to it

Answer 2

gravimetric method

Question 3

we measure the volume of a solution containing sufficient reagent to react completely with the analyte

Answer 3

volumetric method

Question 4

explore the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and analyte atoms or molecules or the emission of radiation by analytes

Answer 4

spectroscopic methods

Question 5

name other methods

Answer 5

mass-to-charge ratio of ions by mass spectrometry,
rate of radioactive decay,
heat of reaction,
rate of reaction,
sample thermal conductivity,
optical activity, and
refractive index

Question 6

essential first step in any quantitative analysis is the

Answer 6

selection of a method

Question 7

Steps of quantitative analysis

Answer 7

Select a method
acquire sample
process sample
is sample soluble –> carry out chemical dissolution (NO)
measurable property –> change chemical form? (NO)
eliminate interferences
measure property X
calculate results
eliminate reliability of results

Question 8

a material is _________ if its
constituent parts can be distinguished
visually or with the aid of a microscope.

Answer 8

heterogeneous

Question 9

the process of collecting a small mass of a material whose composition accurately represents the bulk of the material being sampled

Answer 9

sampling

Question 10

is frequently the most difficult step in an analysis and the source of the greatest error

Answer 10

sampling

Question 11

improves the quality of the results and
provides a measure of their reliability

Answer 11

replication

Question 12

Most chemical analyses are performed on __________ whose masses or volumes have been determined by careful measurements with an analytical balance or with a precise volumetric device.

Answer 12

replicate samples

Question 13

Species other than the analyte that affect the final measurement are called

Answer 13

interferences or interferent

Question 14

What kind of analysis reveals the identity of the elements and compounds in a sample.

Answer 14

Qualitative analysis

Question 15

What kind of analysis indicates the amount of each substance in a sample.

Answer 15

Quantitative analysis

Question 16

components of a sample that are determined

Answer 16

analyte

Question 17

It is the process of determining how much of a given sample is the material by its indicated name. For example, a zinc alloy is assayed for its zinc content, and its assay is a particular numerical value.

Answer 17

assay

Question 18

are portions of a material of approximately the same size that are carried through an analytical procedure at the same time and in the same way.

Answer 18

replicate samples / replicates

Question 19

is a material, often an alkali metal salt, that is mixed with the sample and heated to form a fused salt.

Answer 19

flux

Question 20

a species that causes an error in an analysis by enhancing or attenuating (making smaller) the quantity being measured.

Answer 20

interference / interferent

Question 21

is the collection of all the components in the sample containing an analyte.

Answer 21

matrix / sample matrix

Question 22

Techniques or reactions that work
for only one analyte are said to be

Answer 22

specific

Question 23

Techniques or reactions
that apply to only a few analytes are

Answer 23

selective

Question 24

is the process of determining the proportionality between analyte concentration and a measured quantity.

Answer 24

calibration

Question 25

The process of determining k is thus an important step in most analyses; this step is called a

Answer 25

caliibration

Question 26

TRUE or FALSE
An analytical result without an
estimate of reliability is of no
value.

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

The process of continuous measurement and control is often referred to as a

Answer 27

feedback system

Question 28

the cycle of measurement, comparison, and control is called

Answer 28

feedback loop