Chapter 1 - The Modern State of Health and Physical Fitness

Question 1

Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromian bone of the shoulder.

Question 2

Medial Collateral Cruciate (MCL) Tear

A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee.

Question 3

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear

A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee.

Question 4

Patellar Tendonitis

An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shin bone).

Question 5

Plantar Fasciitis

An inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of the foot , which often results in intense heel pain.

Question 6

Sprain

A stretching or tearing of ligaments.

Question 7

Skeletal Muscle

The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement.

Question 8

Endorphins

A group of hormones secreted by the brain that provides a variety of physiological functions such as reducing the reception of pain.

Question 9

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A general term used to describe progressive long diseases, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and refractory ( non-reversible) asthma.

Question 10

Cancer

A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

Question 11

Insulin Resistance

The inability of the cells to respond to insulin; occurs in type 2 diabetes.

Question 12

Glucose

The simplest form of carbohydrate used by the body for energy.

Question 13

Diabetes

Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat protein.

Question 14

Diastolic Blood Pressure

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded.

Question 15

Systolic Blood Pressure

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number.

Question 16

Hypertension

Consistently elevated blood pressure.

Question 17

Physical Activity

Bodily movement that results in energy expenditure and encompasses many modes and intensifies.
Movement that is not structured exercise such as recreational pursuits.

Question 18

Atherosclerosis

The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow.

Question 19

Ischemic Heart Disease

A category of heart-related problems caused by the narrowing of the coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.

Question 20

Arrhythmia

A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person’s heartbeat. The heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern.

Question 21

Heart Valve Problem

A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reducing oxygen supply to the body.

Question 22

Heart Failure

A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.

Question 23

Heart Attack

The action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked; medically known as a myocardial infraction.

Question 24

Stroke

A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel.

Question 25

Cholesterol

A waxy fat like substance found in bodily cells.

Question 26

Risk Factor

Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.

Question 27

Homeostasis

The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium.

Question 28

Mortality

A state or risk of death or dying.

Question 29

Morbidity

The state of having a disease.

Question 30

Socioeconomic Status

The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation.

Question 31

Joint Stability

The support provided by tissues surrounding a joint to maintain and provide control during movement.

Question 32

Overweight

A body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards; a body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9.

Question 33

Muscle Imbalance

When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length - tension relationship.

Question 34

Musculoskeletal System

The combined, inter working system of all muscles and bones in the body.

Question 35

Deconditioned

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalance, decreased flexibility, and lack of core and joint stability.

Question 36

Evidenced-Based Practice

A practice that relies on evidence for guidance and decision-making and includes developing individual expertise, staying current on (all) the best sources of external evidence (i.e. peer-reviewed research), and prioritizing client values and experimentations.

Question 37

Obesity

A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater.

Question 38

Kinesiology

Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology.