Chapter 1: The Human body - An orientation Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of anatomy

A

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another.

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2
Q

Definition of physiology

A

The study of how the body and its parts work or function.

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3
Q

Definition of integumentary system

A

External covering of the body, or skin, including hair and fingernails. Waterproofs body and provides protection from injury and fluid loss.

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4
Q

Definition of skeletal system

A

Consists of bones, cartilage, and joints. Supports body and provides framework that skeletal muscles use to cause movement.

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5
Q

Definition of muscular system

A

Skeletal muscles contract and shorten. Provides movement, support and heat protection.

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6
Q

Definition of nervous system

A

Collects, transfers and processes information.

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7
Q

Definition of endocrine system

A

Communicate via hormones, which regulate other structures.

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8
Q

Definition of cardiovascular system

A

Transports substances to and away from cells.

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9
Q

Definition of lymphatic system

A

Defends against infection and disease.

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10
Q

Definition of digestive system

A

Processes foods and absorbs nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water

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11
Q

Definition of urinary system

A

Removes excess water, salts and waste products from the blood and body and controls pH.

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12
Q

Definition of reproductive system

A

Produce gametes – produce offspring.

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13
Q

Necessary life functions

A

Movement
Responsiveness – ability to sense stimuli and react to them.
Digestion – Breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into blood.
Metabolism – Refers to all chemical reactions that occur within the body.
Excretion – process of removing waste from the body.
Reproduction – Production of offspring.
Growth – Increase in cell size of body size.

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14
Q

Survival needs

A
  • Nutrients
  • Oxygen
  • Normal body temperature
  • Atmospheric pressure
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15
Q

Homeostasis definition

A

Body’ ability to maintain a stable internal conditions, even when the external conditions are changing.

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16
Q

Receptor definition

A

Sensor that monitors and responds to changes in environment.

17
Q

Definition of stimulus

A

Change in environment

18
Q

Defintiion of control centre

A

Determines set point at which variable is to be maintained

19
Q

Definition of effector

A

Provides means for response, eg secretion of hormone.

20
Q

Definition of negative feedback mechanism

A

Feedback that causes the stimulus to decline.

21
Q

Definition of positive feedback mechanism

A

Increase the original stimulus and push the variable further from its original value.

22
Q

Definition of homeostatic imbalance

A

A disturbance or change in homeostasis that affects function.