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A & P Unit 1 > Chapter 1: The Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy is

A

The structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

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2
Q

Physiology is

A

The function of the body. How the body parts work.

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3
Q

Gross or macroscopic anatomy is

A

The study of large body structures

Such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys

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4
Q

Regional anatomy is

A

All the structures in a particular region of the body are examined at the same time

Structures: Muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, etc.

Region of the body: such as the abdomen or the leg

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5
Q

Systemic anatomy is

A

Body structure is studied system by system

Example: when studying the cardiovascular system, you would examine the heart and blood vessels of the entire body

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of anatomy?

A

Microscopic, gross/macroscopic and developmental

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7
Q

Microscopic anatomy is

A

too small to be seen in the body

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8
Q

Microscopic anatomy consists of

A

cytology and histology

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9
Q

Cytology is

A

the cells in the body

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10
Q

Histology is

A

the study of tissues

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11
Q

Gross/macroscopic anatomy is

A

the large body structures

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12
Q

3 types of gross/macroscopic anatomy are

A

regional, systemic, and surface

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13
Q

Regional anatomy is

A

all the structures in a particular region

such as the muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves in the leg or abdomen

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14
Q

Systemic anatomy is

A

the study of system by system

such as the cardiovascular system

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15
Q

Surface anatomy is

A

of internal structures as they relate to overlying skin surface

such as looking for blood vessels or muscles bulging out

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16
Q

Developmental anatomy is

A

the study of structural changes through the life span

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17
Q

Embryology is

A

is a subdivision of developmental anatomy and it concerns developmental changes that occur before birth

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18
Q

Complementarity is

A

the function always reflects the structure

that is what a structure can do depends on its specific form

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19
Q

Levels of Structural Organization

A mysterious cat talked, opening organic oranges

A 
Chemical (Atoms)
Organelles (Molecules)
Cellular
Tissues
Organ
Organ Systems
Organism
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20
Q

7 Levels of Structural Organization- A

A is for

A

Atoms/Chemical

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21
Q

7 Levels of Structural Organization-Mysterious

M is for

A

Molecules/Organelles

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22
Q

7 Levels of Structural Organization- Cat

C is for

A

Cellular

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23
Q

7 Levels of Structural Organization- Talked

T is for

A

Tissues

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24
Q

7 Levels of Structural Organization- Opening

The first O is for

A

Organ

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25
7 Levels of Structural Organization- Organic | The second O is for
Organ Systems
26
7 Levels of Structural Organization- Oranges | The third O is for
Organism
27
Mnuemonic for the organ systems
``` MURDERS LINC M-Muscular U-Urinary R-Respiratory D-Digestive E-Endocrine R-Reproductive S-Skeletal L-Lymphatic I-Integumentary N-Nervous C-Cardiovascular ```
28
Organ Systems MURDERS LINC What is M for
Muscular
29
Organ Systems MURDERS LINC What is U for
Urinary
30
Organ Systems MURDERS LINC What are the R's for
Respiratory and Reproductive
31
Organ Systems MURDERS LINC What is the E for
Endocrine
32
Organ Systems MURDERS LINC What is the D for
Digestive
33
Organ Systems MURDERS LINC What is the S for
Skeletal
34
Organ Systems MURDERS LINC What is the L for
Lymphatic
35
Organ Systems MURDERS LINC What is the I for
Integumentary
36
Organ Systems MURDERS LINC What is the N for
Nervous
37
Organ Systems MURDERS LINC What is the C for
Cardiovascular
38
8 Necessary Life Functions MMM RRED G
``` Maintain Boundaries Movement Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth ```
39
Necessary Life Functions MMM RRED G Maintaining boundaries is
the internal environment remains distinct for the external environment
40
Necessary Life Functions MMM RRED G Movement is
locomotion, propulsion and contractibility
41
Necessary Life Functions MMM RRED G Responsiveness is
the ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them
42
Necessary Life Functions MMM RRED G Digestion is
the breakdown of ingested food to simple molecules that can be absorbed into blood and distributed
43
Necessary Life Functions MMM RRED G Metabolism is
chemical reaction that occurs within the body (CREB's cycle)
44
Necessary Life Functions MMM RRED G Excretions is
the process of removing wastes from the body
45
Necessary Life Functions MMM RRED G Reproduction
occurs at the cellular and the organismal levels | Major task of this system: the original cell divides making a while new person
46
Necessary Life Functions MMM RRED G Growth is
an increase in size of a body part or the organism as a whole
47
5 Survival Needs | NO WAN
``` Nutrients Oxygen Water Normal Body Temperature Atmospheric Pressure ```
48
5 Survival Needs NO WAN Nutrients are
Proteins Carbs Lipids and fats Vitamins and minerals
49
5 Survival Needs NO WAN Oxygen is
necessary for metabolic reactions
50
5 Survival Needs NO WAN Water provides
the necessary environment for chemical reactions. 50%-60% of our body weight is water.
51
Most abundant chemical substance in the body
water
52
5 Survival Needs NO WAN Normal Body Temperature
necessary of chemical reactions to occur of life sustaining rates
53
What is normal body temperature?
98.7 degrees
54
5 Survival Needs NO WAN Atmospheric Pressure is
required for breathing and gas exchange in the lungs
55
Homeostasis is
the ability to maintain internal environment as the outside is constantly changing Example: sweating
56
Homeostatic Control | 3 components
Receptor Control Center Effector
57
Homeostatic Control | Receptor
monitors the environment and responds to changes
58
Homeostatic Control | Control Center
determines the set point, which is the level at which a variable is maintained
59
Homeostatic Control | Effector
provides the means for the control centers response to the stimulus
60
Negative Feedback is
the output shuts off the original stimulus
61
Examples of positive feedback are
regulation of blood clotting | labor contractions
62
Positive Feedback is
the output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus
63
Examples of negative feedback are
regulation of room temperature blood glucose level body temp blood calcium
64
Afferent means
towards
65
Efferent means
exit away
66
What is the anatomical position
body erect feet slightly apart palms facing forward thumbs point away from body
67
Why is the anatomical position important?
Because the directional terms refer to the body as if it were in this position
68
superior is
toward the head
69
inferior is
away from the head
70
anterior is
toward the front
71
posterior is
toward the back
72
medial is
toward the midline
73
lateral is
away from the midline
74
intermediate is
between a more medial and lateral structure
75
proximal is
closer to the origin of the body part
76
distal is
farther from the origin of the body part
77
superficial is
toward the body surface
78
deep is
away from the body surface
79
divides the body into left and right body parts
sagittal plane
80
sagittal plane that lies on the midline
midsagittal plane
81
divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
frontal plane
82
divides the body into superior and inferior body parts
transverse plane
83
cuts made diagonally
oblique plane
84
sagittal plane is
divides the body into left and right parts
85
midsagittal plane is
sagittal plane that lies on the midline
86
frontal plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior body parts
87
transverse plane
divides the body into superior and anterior body parts
88
oblique plane is
when cuts are made diagonally
89
What are the two major body cavities?
Dorsal and Ventral
90
What cavities are in the Dorsal body cavity?
Cranial and vertebral cavities
91
What cavities are in the Ventral body cavity?
Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities
92
Thoracic cavity is subdivided into
two pleural cavities mediastinum pericardial cavity
93
The two pleural cavities
each houses a lung
94
The mediastinum contains
the pericardial cavity which encloses the heart and it also surrounds the remaining thoracic organs, the esophagus, trachea and others
95
The pericardial cavity
encloses the heart.
96
The pericardial cavity is located
in the mediastinum cavity
97
The Thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity are separated by
the diaphragm
98
What are the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants?
Right upper quadrant Right lower quadrant Left upper quadrant Left lower quadrant
99
What are the 9 abdominopelvic regions?
``` Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left hypochondriac Right Lumbar Umbilical Left Lumbar Right iliac Hypogastric Left iliac ```
100
The liver falls in what 2 regions?
Right hypochondriac and epigastric regions
101
The proportion of ________ in lipids is much lower than in carbs.
oxygen
102
Lipids contain
C, H and O
103
Carbohydrates contain
C, H, and O
104
Carbohydrates major function is to
supply a source of cellular food
105
Examples of lipids
neutral fats or triglycerides phospholipids steroids
106
Examples of carbohydrates
monosaccharides or simple sugars glucose fructose galactose
107
Proteins are broken up into
primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
108
Proteins-primary is
amino acids
109
Proteins-secondary is
alpha-helix or beta pleated sheets
110
Proteins-tertiary
bends into a specific shape
111
Proteins-quaternary is
more than one type of chains
112
What happens at the tertiary structure of a protein?
denature (acidic solution or heat) or destroy a protein
113
What is found at the quaternary structure of a protein?
Hemoglobin
114
What does hemoglobin do?
It transports oxygen in blood
115
Denaturation is
when the characteristic properties of a protein are destroyed by heat and acidic solution disrupting its molecular conformation
116
What are enzymes known for?
most are proteins that act as biological catalysts
117
Denaturation effects which structure?
tertiary structure
118
How are enzymes typically named?
The name usually ends with -ase

A & P Unit 1 (3 decks)

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