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ANPH1001 > Chapter 1 - The Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - The Human Body Flashcards

Into to the human body systems and functions

1
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

space between the diaphragm and pelvic region - stomach, gallbladder, liver, kidneys, pancreas, spleen, small and large intestines, ovaries & uterus

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2
Q

spleen

A

located in upper left part of abdominal cavity, beside the upper portion of the stomach - it acts primarily as a blood filter

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3
Q

gallbladder

A

the pear-shaped, hollow organlies beneath the liver; where bile is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine

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4
Q

liver

A

large, meaty organ that sits on the right side of the belly; has many functions, including making proteins and blood clotting factors, manufacturing triglycerides and cholesterol, glycogen synthesis, and bile production

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5
Q

pancreas

A

upper abdomen, approx. 6” long and is located behind the stomach; makes enzymes that aid in digestion & hormones (ie insulin)

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6
Q

anatomy

A

study of structure (or morphology) of the body and how the parts are organized

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7
Q

anterior

A

toward the front

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8
Q

cardiovascular system

A

aka circulatory - heart, arteries, veins, capillaries and blood

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9
Q

cardiovascular sys. Functions

A

pump & distribute blood which carries oxygen & nutrients & wastes to and from cells

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10
Q

caudal

A

towards the tail, only in embryonic state (so lowermost or below)

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11
Q

cephalad

A

pertaining to the head

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12
Q

coronal

A

plane - dividing body into front & back portions

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13
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the head (the bony portion of the skull that holds the brain)

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14
Q

cranial cavity

A

is within the dorsal cavity - contains the brain

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15
Q

digestive system

A

alimentary canal (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines, rectum & anus - as well associated glands: salivary, liver, gallbladder and pancreas)

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16
Q

digestive sys. Functions

A

convert food into simpler substances, that along with nutrients, can be absorbed and to eliminate indigestible wastes

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17
Q

distal

A

away from the point of attachment (wrist is to elbow)

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18
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back - contains cranial cavity (brain) and spinal cavity (spinal cord) - aka nervous system organs

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19
Q

endocrine system

A

ductless glands; hypothalamus, pituitary, and pineal glands are your brain. The thyroid & parathyroid - neck. The thymus between lungs, the adrenals on top of kidneys, and the pancreas is behind your stomach.

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20
Q

endocrine sys. Functions

A

production of hormones that chemically regulate body functions

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21
Q

frontal

A

plane - dividing body into front & back portions

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22
Q

homeostasis

A

maintaining narrow limits of the bodies internal environments (ie: blood glucose and insulin levels)

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23
Q

horizontal

A

plane - dividing body into upper & lower portions

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24
Q

inferior

A

lowermost or below

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25
Q

integumentary system

A

2 layers - epidermis & dermis; includes skin, hair, nails, sweat & sebaceous glands

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26
Q

integumentary sys. Functions

A

insulation, protection from environmental hazards (UV rays), regulation of body temp. & water, receptor sites detect change in temp. or pressure

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27
Q

lateral

A

towards the side or away from midline

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28
Q

lymphatic system

A

aka immune - lymph nodes & vessels, thymus gland, and spleen, tonsils, and appendix

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29
Q

lymphatic sys. Functions

A

protects from disease (antibodies), fat absorption from intestines and carry to blood, drains tissue spaces of excess interstitial fluids

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30
Q

appendix

A

finger shaped, located in the lower right part of your abdomen (attached to large intestine)

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31
Q

medial

A

midline of the body

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32
Q

mediastinum

A

space between the lungs between sternum to vertebral column - heart, thymus gland, trachea, esophagus, lymph vessels, blood vessels & nerves

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33
Q

sternum

A

aka breastbone - long flat bone located in the center of the chest - connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury

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34
Q

lymph node

A

each of a number of small swellings in the lymphatic system where lymph (a colorless fluid) is filtered and lymphocytes are formed

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35
Q

trachea

A

aka windpipe - extends from the larynx and branches into the two primary bronchi

36
Q

larynx

A

aka voice box - approx. 2” long in adults & sits above the windpipe (trachea) in the neck and in front of the food pipe (pharynx)

37
Q

pharynx

A

aka food pipe or throat - part of both digestive and respiratory systems

38
Q

thymus gland

A

behind your sternum and between your lungs - serves a vital role in the training and development of T-lymphocytes or T cells, a type of white blood cell

39
Q

midsagittal

A

plane - vertically divides the body into halves

40
Q

muscular system

A

muscles, fascia, tendon sheaths & bursae

41
Q

muscular sys. Functions

A

skeletal muscles (striated, voluntary - moves bones), smooth muscles (aka visceral, involuntary - move internal organs, blood vessels, secretory ducts), cardia muscles (striated, involuntary - keep heart pumping)

42
Q

fascia

A

a sheet of fibrous connective tissue that is present throughout the entire body

43
Q

nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, cranial and peripheral nerves, sensory and motor structures

44
Q

nervous sys. Functions

A

controlling, correlating and regulating other body systems, interpreting stimuli from outside world, controlling senses

45
Q

parietal

A

relating to the walls of a cavity

46
Q

pathology

A

study of diseases of the body

47
Q

pericardial cavity

A

contains the heart - one of 2 subcategories of the thoracic cavity (which is a subcategory of the ventral cavity)

48
Q

physiology

A

study of bodily functions; what they do and how they do it

49
Q

pleural cavities

A

a fluid filled space which folds back onto itself to form a two-layered membranous sac surrounding the lungs

50
Q

posterior

A

toward the back

51
Q

protoplasm

A

liquid part of a cell, contained within a membrane that is a colloidal solution (contains proteins, lipids, carbs, and inorganic salts) organized into organelles

52
Q

proximal

A

nearing the point of attachment (elbow proximal to wrist)

53
Q

reproductive system - Female

A

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia, and mammary glands

54
Q

reproductive system - Male

A

testes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate & bulbourethral glands, urethra & penis

55
Q

epididymis

A

sits on top of the testes, a tube from testes to vas deferens - sperm is stored here

56
Q

vas deferens

A

these ducts transport sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts (think vasectomy)

57
Q

ejaculatory ducts

A

on each side of the prostate gland is anejaculatory duct, 2cm in length and is created when the seminal vesicle’s duct merges with the vas deferens

58
Q

seminal vesicle

A

a pair of simple tubular glands, located at the base of the bladder, secrete a thick fluid that nourishes the sperm

59
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

aka Cowper’s glands; are a pair of pea shaped exocrineglands beneath the prostate gland; contributes to the final volume of semen by producing a lubricating mucus secretion

60
Q

prostate gland

A

a gland surrounding the neck of the bladder, the urethra runs through the center and releases prostatic fluid that nourishes and protects sperm

61
Q

respiratory system

A

nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi & lungs

62
Q

respiratory sys. Functions

A

brings oxygen to the blood and carries carbon dioxide from the blood to expel from the body

63
Q

sagittal

A

plane - vertically dividing the body into 2 unequal portions

64
Q

skeletal system

A

bones, joints, cartilage and membranous structures associated with bones

65
Q

skeletal sys. Functions

A

protection (soft vital organs), support (for tissues), act as levers for movement, storage (mineral salts like calcium & phosphorous, as well as fat in yellow marrow), mfg. blood cells in red marrow

66
Q

reproductive sys. Functions

A

maintenance of sexual characteristics and procreation

67
Q

spinal cavity

A

contains the spinal cord - is a sub cavity of the dorsal cavity

68
Q

superior

A

uppermost or above

69
Q

thoracic cavity

A

contains the heart and lungs - is a sub cavity of the ventral cavity

70
Q

transverse

A

plane - dividing body into upper & lower portions

71
Q

urinary system

A

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder and urethra

72
Q

urinary sys. Function

A

maintenance of homeostasis, formation & elimination of urine, chemical regulation of blood

73
Q

kidney

A

a pair of bean-shaped organs on either side of yourspine - filters blood; remove wastes, control the body’s fluid and electrolytes balanced. All of the blood in your body passes through them several times a day

74
Q

ventral

A

toward the front

75
Q

viscera

A

referring to any organs of any cavity (mostly within the abdomen)

76
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the covering on an organ

77
Q

body planes

A

3 ways to divide the body by drawing a line all the way through

78
Q

body cavities

A

2 main cavities - dorsal and ventral - can be further divided: Dorsal (cranial & spinal); Ventral (Thoracic (Pericardial & pleural) and Abdominopelvic)

79
Q

atom

A

smallest units of elements

80
Q

molecule

A

atoms combine through chemical bonds

81
Q

cell

A

smallest living unit of biologic organization; performs activities of life

82
Q

tissue

A

made up of similar cells that perform similar functions - 4 main categories (epithelial, muscle, nervous, and connective)

83
Q

organ

A

groups of tissues

84
Q

system

A

groups of organs (11 of them)

85
Q

human organism

A

all the organ systems to make a functioning human being

ANPH1001 (3 decks)

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