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ANPH1001 > Chapter 1 - The Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - The Human Body Flashcards

Into to the human body systems and functions

1
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

space between the diaphragm and pelvic region - stomach, gallbladder, liver, kidneys, pancreas, spleen, small and large intestines, ovaries & uterus

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2
Q

spleen

A

located in upper left part of abdominal cavity, beside the upper portion of the stomach - it acts primarily as a blood filter

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3
Q

gallbladder

A

the pear-shaped, hollow organlies beneath the liver; where bile is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine

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4
Q

liver

A

large, meaty organ that sits on the right side of the belly; has many functions, including making proteins and blood clotting factors, manufacturing triglycerides and cholesterol, glycogen synthesis, and bile production

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5
Q

pancreas

A

upper abdomen, approx. 6” long and is located behind the stomach; makes enzymes that aid in digestion & hormones (ie insulin)

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6
Q

anatomy

A

study of structure (or morphology) of the body and how the parts are organized

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7
Q

anterior

A

toward the front

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8
Q

cardiovascular system

A

aka circulatory - heart, arteries, veins, capillaries and blood

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9
Q

cardiovascular sys. Functions

A

pump & distribute blood which carries oxygen & nutrients & wastes to and from cells

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10
Q

caudal

A

towards the tail, only in embryonic state (so lowermost or below)

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11
Q

cephalad

A

pertaining to the head

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12
Q

coronal

A

plane - dividing body into front & back portions

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13
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the head (the bony portion of the skull that holds the brain)

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14
Q

cranial cavity

A

is within the dorsal cavity - contains the brain

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15
Q

digestive system

A

alimentary canal (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines, rectum & anus - as well associated glands: salivary, liver, gallbladder and pancreas)

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16
Q

digestive sys. Functions

A

convert food into simpler substances, that along with nutrients, can be absorbed and to eliminate indigestible wastes

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17
Q

distal

A

away from the point of attachment (wrist is to elbow)

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18
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back - contains cranial cavity (brain) and spinal cavity (spinal cord) - aka nervous system organs

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19
Q

endocrine system

A

ductless glands; hypothalamus, pituitary, and pineal glands are your brain. The thyroid & parathyroid - neck. The thymus between lungs, the adrenals on top of kidneys, and the pancreas is behind your stomach.

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20
Q

endocrine sys. Functions

A

production of hormones that chemically regulate body functions

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21
Q

frontal

A

plane - dividing body into front & back portions

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22
Q

homeostasis

A

maintaining narrow limits of the bodies internal environments (ie: blood glucose and insulin levels)

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23
Q

horizontal

A

plane - dividing body into upper & lower portions

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24
Q

inferior

A

lowermost or below

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25
integumentary system
2 layers - epidermis & dermis; includes skin, hair, nails, sweat & sebaceous glands
26
integumentary sys. Functions
insulation, protection from environmental hazards (UV rays), regulation of body temp. & water, receptor sites detect change in temp. or pressure
27
lateral
towards the side or away from midline
28
lymphatic system
aka immune - lymph nodes & vessels, thymus gland, and spleen, tonsils, and appendix
29
lymphatic sys. Functions
protects from disease (antibodies), fat absorption from intestines and carry to blood, drains tissue spaces of excess interstitial fluids
30
appendix
finger shaped, located in the lower right part of your abdomen (attached to large intestine)
31
medial
midline of the body
32
mediastinum
space between the lungs between sternum to vertebral column - heart, thymus gland, trachea, esophagus, lymph vessels, blood vessels & nerves
33
sternum
aka breastbone - long flat bone located in the center of the chest - connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury
34
lymph node
each of a number of small swellings in the lymphatic system where lymph (a colorless fluid) is filtered and lymphocytes are formed
35
trachea
aka windpipe - extends from the larynx and branches into the two primary bronchi
36
larynx
aka voice box - approx. 2" long in adults & sits above the windpipe (trachea) in the neck and in front of the food pipe (pharynx)
37
pharynx
aka food pipe or throat - part of both digestive and respiratory systems
38
thymus gland
behind your sternum and between your lungs - serves a vital role in the training and development of T-lymphocytes or T cells, a type of white blood cell
39
midsagittal
plane - vertically divides the body into halves
40
muscular system
muscles, fascia, tendon sheaths & bursae
41
muscular sys. Functions
skeletal muscles (striated, voluntary - moves bones), smooth muscles (aka visceral, involuntary - move internal organs, blood vessels, secretory ducts), cardia muscles (striated, involuntary - keep heart pumping)
42
fascia
a sheet of fibrous connective tissue that is present throughout the entire body
43
nervous system
brain, spinal cord, cranial and peripheral nerves, sensory and motor structures
44
nervous sys. Functions
controlling, correlating and regulating other body systems, interpreting stimuli from outside world, controlling senses
45
parietal
relating to the walls of a cavity
46
pathology
study of diseases of the body
47
pericardial cavity
contains the heart - one of 2 subcategories of the thoracic cavity (which is a subcategory of the ventral cavity)
48
physiology
study of bodily functions; what they do and how they do it
49
pleural cavities
a fluid filled space which folds back onto itself to form a two-layered membranous sac surrounding the lungs
50
posterior
toward the back
51
protoplasm
liquid part of a cell, contained within a membrane that is a colloidal solution (contains proteins, lipids, carbs, and inorganic salts) organized into organelles
52
proximal
nearing the point of attachment (elbow proximal to wrist)
53
reproductive system - Female
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia, and mammary glands
54
reproductive system - Male
testes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate & bulbourethral glands, urethra & penis
55
epididymis
sits on top of the testes, a tube from testes to vas deferens - sperm is stored here
56
vas deferens
these ducts transport sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts (think vasectomy)
57
ejaculatory ducts
on each side of the prostate gland is an ejaculatory duct, 2cm in length and is created when the seminal vesicle's duct merges with the vas deferens
58
seminal vesicle
a pair of simple tubular glands, located at the base of the bladder, secrete a thick fluid that nourishes the sperm
59
bulbourethral glands
aka Cowper's glands; are a pair of pea shaped exocrine glands beneath the prostate gland; contributes to the final volume of semen by producing a lubricating mucus secretion
60
prostate gland
a gland surrounding the neck of the bladder, the urethra runs through the center and releases prostatic fluid that nourishes and protects sperm
61
respiratory system
nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi & lungs
62
respiratory sys. Functions
brings oxygen to the blood and carries carbon dioxide from the blood to expel from the body
63
sagittal
plane - vertically dividing the body into 2 unequal portions
64
skeletal system
bones, joints, cartilage and membranous structures associated with bones
65
skeletal sys. Functions
protection (soft vital organs), support (for tissues), act as levers for movement, storage (mineral salts like calcium & phosphorous, as well as fat in yellow marrow), mfg. blood cells in red marrow
66
reproductive sys. Functions
maintenance of sexual characteristics and procreation
67
spinal cavity
contains the spinal cord - is a sub cavity of the dorsal cavity
68
superior
uppermost or above
69
thoracic cavity
contains the heart and lungs - is a sub cavity of the ventral cavity
70
transverse
plane - dividing body into upper & lower portions
71
urinary system
2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
72
urinary sys. Function
maintenance of homeostasis, formation & elimination of urine, chemical regulation of blood
73
kidney
a pair of bean-shaped organs on either side of your spine - filters blood; remove wastes, control the body's fluid and electrolytes balanced. All of the blood in your body passes through them several times a day
74
ventral
toward the front
75
viscera
referring to any organs of any cavity (mostly within the abdomen)
76
visceral
pertaining to the covering on an organ
77
body planes
3 ways to divide the body by drawing a line all the way through
78
body cavities
2 main cavities - dorsal and ventral - can be further divided: Dorsal (cranial & spinal); Ventral (Thoracic (Pericardial & pleural) and Abdominopelvic)
79
atom
smallest units of elements
80
molecule
atoms combine through chemical bonds
81
cell
smallest living unit of biologic organization; performs activities of life
82
tissue
made up of similar cells that perform similar functions - 4 main categories (epithelial, muscle, nervous, and connective)
83
organ
groups of tissues
84
system
groups of organs (11 of them)
85
human organism
all the organ systems to make a functioning human being

ANPH1001 (3 decks)

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