Chapter 1 - The Human Body Flashcards
What is anatomy and what is physiology?
Anatomy - the study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another.
Physiology- the study of the function of the body’s structural machinery
What is cytology?
What is histology?
The study of cells
The study of tissues
Principle of complementary
Function always reflects structure
Chemical : Cellular : Tissue: Organ : Organ system : Organismal :
Chemical - atoms combined to make molecules
Cellular - cells are made of molecules
Tissue - consists of similar types of cells
Organ - made up of different types of tissues
Organ system - consists of different organs that work closely together
Organismal - made up of the organ systems
Integumentary system
- forms external covering of the body
- made up of skin, hair, nails , oil glands
- protects our tissues from injuries
- synthesizes vitamin d
Skeletal system
- made up of bones, cartridge, ligaments
- protects and supports body organs
- provides the frame worm for muscles
- site of blood cell formation
- stores minerals
Muscular system
- made up of muscles and tendons
- allows locomotion, facial expressions, and manipulation of the environment
- maintains posture
- produces heat
Nervous system
- made from the brain, spinal column, nerves
- is the fastest acting control system of the body (wow)
- responds to stimuli by activating muscles and glands
Cardiovascular system
- made up of the heart and blood vessels
- the harrrtt pumpsss bloood
- blood vessels transport blood throughout the body
Lymphatic system
- made up of red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels
- picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood
- disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream
- houses white blood cells with immunity
Respiratory system
- composed of the nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
- keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
Digestive system
- made up of oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine, rectum, anus, liver
- breaks down food into smaller units that enter the blood
- eliminates indigestible food as feces
Urinary system
- composed of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
- gets rid of nitrogenous waste from the body
- regulates water, electrolyte, and pH balance of the blood
Male reproductive system
- made up of prostate gland, penis, scrotum, and ductus deferents
- main function is the production of offspring
- tested produce sperm and make sex hormones
- ducts and glands deliver sperm to the female reproductive tract
Female reproductive system
- made up of mammary glands, ovaries, uterine tubes, and vagina
- main function is the production of offspring
- ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones
- remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of a fetus
- mammary glands produce milk to nourish the new born
