Chapter 1 - The Human Body Flashcards
Gross Anatomy
The study of body structures that can be examined by the naked eye - the bones, lungs and muscles. An important technique to studying gross anatomy is dissection here organs are closely studied.
Regional Anatomy
All structures in a single body region are studied, such as the head or abdomen. Used in medical education as issues usually occur in area of the body which can affect multiple organs in area
Systemic Aantomy
All organs which are related in function are studied. This includes studying the nervous system, Respiratory system and more;
Surface Anatomy
The study of shaped and markings on the surface of the body that reveal underlying organs. Used to identify muscles that bulge beneath skin of weight lifters.
Microscopic Anatomy
Referred as “Histology”
The study of structures that are so small, they can only be seen in a microscope. This includes both cells and tissues. This is important in all aspects of anatomy
Epithelial Tissue
Covers the body surface and lines its cavities
Connective Tissue
Supports the body and protects its organs
Muscle Tissue
Provides Movement
Nervous Tissue
Provides fast internal communication by transmitting electrical impulses
Integumentary System
Forms the external body and protects deeper tissue from injury. Synthesizes vitamin D and houses cautenous receptors, sweat glands, and oil glands.
Includes the hair, skin and nails
Skeletal System
Protects and supports body organs ad provides framework the muscles use to caue movement.
Includes bones and joint
Muscular System
Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression. Maintains posture and produces heat
Nervous System
Responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.
Includes nerves, spinal cord and brain
Endocrine System
Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction and nutrient use by body cells
Include pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, and reproductive system
Cardiovascular System
Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood.
Includes heart and blood vessels
Immune System
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. Disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream. Houses white blood cells involved in immunity. The immune response mouths the attack against foreign substance within the body
Includes red bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct, spleen and Lymph nodes
Respiratory System
Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. The gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.
Includes Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, bronchus, trachea and lungs.
Digestive System
Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells.
Includes oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum and anus.
Urinary System
Eliminates nitrogenous waste from the boy, regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.
Includes kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra.
Reproductive System
Overall function is production of offspring
Anatomical Position
To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward
Superior
toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
Also called “Cranial”
the head is ____ to the abdomen
superior
Inferior
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below
Also called “Caudal”
