Chapter 1 The Evolution of Psychology

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

scientific study of behavior and the mind

Question 2

Behavior

Answer 2

actions and responses. can observe behavior

Question 3

Mind

Answer 3

internal states and processes. not directly observable

Question 4

Greeks

Answer 4

socrates
- plato
- aristotle
- debated nativism vs empiricism

Question 5

nativism

Answer 5

you’re born with it

Question 6

empiricism

Answer 6

you learned it/environment caused it (ex/ personality)

Question 7

Descartes

Answer 7

Mind-body dualism. mind body interact via the pineal gland, mind resides in brain but is seperate, studying physical body cannot provide info abt phsyical mind. He was wrong

Question 8

Monism

Answer 8

elief that the midn and body are one
- the mind is not a seperate spritual entitiy
- mental events are a product of phsycal events (can be used in the oppsoite manner: pshycail events can be a product of a mental event)
- the mind can be studied by measruing pshycal processes

Question 9

Wundt

Answer 9

very first psychologist
- father of psychology
- formed first research lab in psychology

Question 10

Structuralism (Wundt & titchener)

Answer 10

study the mind in terms of its basic elemtns
- break concisoiness into strucutal componens
- a,b,c,d
- use introspection
- “look within” to describe experience

Question 11

functionalism (james)

Answer 11

study the funcitn of consiosuness, not strucure
- ask “what does the mind do?”
- what is the purpose, the funciton?
- stream of consciousness
- a to b to c to d

Question 12

British Empricisits

Answer 12

all ideas and knwodlege are gained empiricially
- i.e through the senses and experinces

Question 13

locke

Answer 13

philophsy should focus on the capabilities and extenet of the human mind

Question 14

tabula rasa

Answer 14

blank state. you are born w a blank state and eveyrthing else is learned by youur enviomrent, learning and experinces

Question 15

behaviourism

Answer 15

emphasize neivomerntal control of behvaior thrpough learning
- initally led bby john B watson
- opposed “mentalism” from earlier schools

Question 16

Freud

Answer 16

creator of psychoanalysis
- was a doctor trying to understand psychologiscal problems
- focused on the unconscious

Question 17

psychanalystic theory

Answer 17

can explain a person’s behaviour based on their unconscious desires
- unconscious desires below their consciousness influence their actions

Question 18

Skinner

Answer 18

• radical behaviorusm. prodcued the techniqeus knwon collecively as haviour modification
  - Skinner Box
  - will continue what we like, will stop what we don’t

Question 19

Humanistic perspective

Answer 19

emphasizes free will, personal growth, and attempting to find meaning in one’s existence
- humans are NOT controlled by unconsous forces, do NOT just react to the enviorment
- has free will and personal choice

Question 20

Rogers, Maslow

Answer 20

self actualization as a driving force
- reaching your individual potential
- similar ideals to the positive psychology movement

Question 21

Cognitive perspectve

Answer 21

examines the nature of the mind abd how the mental processes inf;eunece bahviour
- humans are information processors that are goverend by thoughts
- Grew out of structualism and funcionlaism

Question 22

• gestalt oschology

Answer 22

look at how the mind organuzes elemnts of experience into a unified or “whole” perception

Question 23

Cogitive revlotion

Answer 23

eriod of growing intereest in mental processes (especiallt language learning)

Question 24

information processing model of cognition:

Answer 24

the midn is a system that processes, stores, and retrieves information

Question 25

cognitive pscyhology

Answer 25

focuses onthe study of mental processe

Question 26

cognitive neurosceince

Answer 26

uses electrical recordings and brain imaging technique to study brain activity during cognitive taskts

Question 27

Sociocultural perspective

Answer 27

examines how the social enviorment and uctural elarning influence our behavior thoughts, and feelings

Question 28

the social psychological component

Answer 28

social psychology studies how the presence of other people influences your behaviour
- physical presence
- implied presence
- imagine Prescence
- ex/ religion, Santa, stage fright
- role of society influences peoples’ own conscious

Question 29

culture

Answer 29

values, beliefs, behaviours, tradtions shared nad passed on

Question 30

norm

Answer 30

usually unwritten rules of bahviours

Question 31

cultrual pyshcology

Answer 31

examines transmission of culture, psychological similarites, and diferences among pepple from diverse cultrues
- ex/ how do different cultures view healthcare, living at home as an adult, homosexualoty, etc

Question 32

Biological perspective

Answer 32

xaminesh ow brani processes and other bodily functions regulatre behvaior

Question 33

behavioryal neruosceince ( or psysiological psychology)0

Answer 33

brain processes nd other physiological functions that underlie what we percieve, feel, think, and do
- beahoural genetics

Question 34

• evolutioanry pscyhology

Answer 34

seeks to expalin how evolution shaped modern human behaviours (natural selection)
- mutliple genratins

Question 35

sociobiology

Answer 35

complex social behavuours are also built into the human species as products of our evolution
- natural selection favors behavoiors…

Question 36

The fields of psychology:

Answer 36

clinical
- cognitive
- biopsychology/neuroscience
- developmental
- experimental
- industrial-organizational (I/O)
- psych in the workplace to increase productivity and moral
- personality
- social