Chapter 1 The Earth

Question 1

Eons are divided into…

Answer 1

Eras

Question 2

Earth is the ___ planet away from the sun

Answer 2

3rd

Question 3

Biosphere includes all forms of ___

Answer 3

Life (plants and animals)

Question 4

Hydrosphere includes all forms of ___

Answer 4

Water (fresh and saltwater, snow and ice)

Question 5

Crust makes up only ___ of earths total mass

Answer 5

.5%

Question 6

Crust floats on top of…

Answer 6

Mantle

Question 7

Most of earths mass is in the…

Answer 7

Mantle

Question 8

Outer core is so hot it is…

Answer 8

Molten

Question 9

When two oceanic plates converge, they create…

Answer 9

An island arc, a curved chain of volcanic islands rising from the deal sea floor and near a continent.

Question 10

When two continental plates COLLIDE, what is created? And how?

Answer 10

Mountain ranges, and by the colliding crust being compressed and pushed upwards.

Question 11

Focus definition

Answer 11

Area where the energy is released during an earthquake

Question 12

Epicenter

Answer 12

Directly above the focus, on Earths surface, is the epicenter

Question 13

The strength of an earthquake is measured by the…

Answer 13

Logarithmic Richter scale

Question 14

An earthquake is recorded on a…

Answer 14

Seismograph

Question 15

P waves

Answer 15

Travel through Earth and are caused by expansion and contraction of bedrocks

Question 16

S waves

Answer 16

Produced when materials move either vertically or horizontally and travel only within the uppermost layers of Earth

Question 17

Surface waves

Answer 17

Cause ground motion and damage, produce rolling and swaying motion and are slower than P or S waves

Question 18

When does an eruption occur for a volcano?

Answer 18

When pressure within a magma chamber forces molten magma up through a pipe and out a vent at the top of the volcano

Question 19

Earth is closest to the sun during…

Answer 19

The northern hemisphere winter (December, January, and February)

Question 20

Topography

Answer 20

Physical location where soil is formed

Question 21

Soil horizons in order

Answer 21

• O HORIZON
• A HORIZON
• E HORIZON
• B HORIZON
• C HORIZON
• Bedrock

Question 22

O horizon (surface litter)

Answer 22

Leaves and partially decomposed organic debris.

Question 23

A horizon (topsoil)

Answer 23

Organic matter (humus), living organisms

Question 24

E horizon (zone of leaching)

Answer 24

Dissolved and suspended materials move downward

Question 25

Sheet erosion

Answer 25

Soil moves off as a horizontal layer

Question 26

Salinization

Answer 26

Water that is not absorbed into the soil and evaporates leaving behind dissolved salts

Question 27

Waterlogging

Answer 27

Saturation of soil with water

Question 28

Metamorphic rocks

Answer 28

Formed by intense heat and pressure

Question 29

Igneous

Answer 29

Formed by cooling and solidify deep underground