Chapter 1 test Flashcards
What is blood made of?
Connective tissue - living cells and non living matrix. (Erythrocytes and leukocytes (living) and Thrombocytes and plasma (nonliving)
What are the functions of blood?
Transportation(oxygen, CO2, nutrients, waste, hormones), helps maintain body temp, helps maintain the bodys pH, helps maining body fluid levels, and it clots to prevent its own loss.
What are the 3 formed elements?
Erythrocytes (red blood cells), Leukocytes (white blood cells), and Thrombocytes (platelets)
List the 5 white blood cells and their functions
- ) Neutrophils: increase in number during acute bacterial infections
- ) Lymphocytes: fight viral and bacterial infections
- ) Monocytes: increase in number during chronic bacterial infections
- ) Eosinophils: fight parasitic infections
- ) Basophils: release histomines during allergic reactions
What is Erythropoiesis
The synthesis of red blood cells
How long do RBC’s live for?
120 days
At which stage of RBC production does ribosome production take place?
Basophilic Erythroblast
At which stage of RBC production does hemoglobin synthesis begin?
Polychromatic Erythroblast
What stage does a new red blood cell enter the bloodstream?
When it is a reticulocyte
How do our bodies know to make more RBC’s?
Hypoxia (low oxygen in the blood) stimulates the kidneys to release a hormone eythropoietin (EPO), and this then stimulates the red bone marrow to synthesize RBC’s
What happens to RBC’s at the end of their lifespan?
At the end of their lifespan they get hard/brittle. They then go to the spleen where they get broken down. The iron (heme) portion gets recycled. The globin of hemoglobin gets broken down into individual amino acids that can be reused.
What are the 3 types of anemia?
- ) Blood loss (hemorrhagic anemia)
- ) Decrease in RBC production
- ) Destruction of RBC’s (Hemolytic anemia)
What causes decrease in RBC production?
- lack of iron 2. pernicious anemia 3. renal anemia (causes a lack of EOP production) 4. aplastic anemia (caused by drugs, poisions, or viruses)
What causes destruction of RBC’s (hemolytic anemia)?
- Mismatched blood transfusions 2. infection 3. hemoglobin abnormality (genetic: 2 types) - 1.) Thalasemmia- 1 globin chain is abnormal or absent. and 2.) sickle cell anemia- a single amino acid change on 1 of the globin chains)
What are the 2 classes of leukocytes?
- ) Granulocytes- contain cytoplasmic granules (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
- ) Agranulocytes - no granules (lymphocytes, monocytes)
What are the 2 types of Lymphocytes and their functions?
T-Lymphocytes: act against virus infected cells
B-Lymphocytes: are responsible for producing plasma cells which then secrete antibodies
What 2 chemicals stimulate WBC production?
- Interleukins
2. CSF’s
Leukocyte (WBC) Disorders
- Leukemia - overproduction of WBC’s (“acute leukemia”- effects stem cells; “chronic leukemia”- effects later cells stages.
- Infectious mononucleosis - overproduction of lymphocytes.
Define homeostasis and list its 3 steps.
Homeostasis is the stoppage of bleeding. (blood clotting)
- The 3 steps of blood clotting are vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation.
What is the function of the heart?
Pumps blood
What is the pulmonary and systemic circuit?
the pulmonary circuit is the right side of the heart (pumps blood to the lungs)
The systematic circuit is the left side of the heart (pumps blood to the body)
Which arteries branch off of the left coronary artery?
- Anterior interventricular artery
2. Circumflex artery
Which arteries branch off of the right coronary artery?
- Right marginal artery
2. Posterior interventricular artery
What is the cardiac conduction system (electrical events) dependent on?
- Gap junctions
2. Intrinsic conduction system
