Chapter 1 - Test 1 Flashcards
Define acidity and provide regions of the body that are acidic.
High H+ content. The stomach, kidneys, and bladder.
Define alkalinity and provide regions of the body that are alkaline.
High OH- content. The small intestine, pancreatic juice.
What is a polysaccharide?
A carbohydrate that can be broken down into a # of monosaccharides.
What is Chitin?
A polymer that makes up the horny substance of the exoskeleton of anthropods and certain fungi.
What is Peptidoglycan?
A network of polysaccharide chains cross linked by short peptides that forms the rigid part of bacterial cell walls. Gram negative bacteria have a smaller layer than the gram positive bacteria.
What is Glycocalyx?
A filamentous network of carbohydrate-rich molecules that coat cells
What is a Fatty Acid?
Long-chain hydrocarbon molecules w/ a carboxyl group at one end that is free to bind to the glycerol.
Phospholipids?
Have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail. Makes membrane lipids.
Amino Acids?
Building blocks of proteins
Peptide?
A molecule composed of short chains of amino acids
Antibodies?
Complex glycoproteins w/ specific regions of attachment for bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. There function is to identify them and help remove foreign antigens.
Enzymes such as lysozyme?
Catalysts for chemical reactions.
Polypeptide: primary structure?
?
Polypeptide: secondary structure?
?
Polypeptide: tertiary structure?
?
Polypeptide: quaternary structure?
?
Wax?
Mycolic acid?
Wax - an ester(chemical compound derived from an acid) formed between a long chain alcohol and a saturated fatty acid
Mycolic acid - a very long chain fatty acid
What is a nucleic acid?
?
Identify and distinguish why and in which organisms the following nucleic acids are important. DNA-ssDNA, dsDNA RNA-ssRNA, dsRNA mmRNA tRNA
?
Sterols-ergosterol?
Sterol - a steroid w/ an OH group
Ergosterol - a sterol in the cell membranes of fungi
