Chapter 1 Terms

Question 0

Speakers appeal to this to emotionally motivate their audience. More specific appeals to this might play on the audience’s values, desires, and hopes, on the one hand, or fears, and prejudices on the other

Answer 0

Pathos

Question 1

An acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. In a strong argument, this is usually accompanied by a refutation challenging the validity of the opposing argument

Answer 1

Concession

Question 3

Greek for “character”. Speakers appeal to this to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic. It is established by both who you are and what you say.

Answer 3

Ethos

Question 5

Reason, Speakers appear to this tv offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up.

Answer 5

Logos

Question 6

The time and place a speech is given or a piece is written

Answer 6

Occasion

Question 8

The listener, viewer, or reader of a text.

Answer 8

Audience

Most texts are likely to have multiple audiences

Question 9

Greek for “suffering” or “experience”

Answer 9

Pathos

Question 10

The spread of ideas and information to further a cause. In it’s negative sense, it is the use of rumors, lies, disinformation, and scare tactics in order to damage or promote a cause.

Answer 10

Propaganda

Question 12

Greek for “mask” the face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience.

Answer 12

Persona

Question 13

As Aristotle defined the term, “the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion.”
In other words, it is the art of finding ways to persuade an audience.

Answer 13

Rhetoric

Question 14

Greek for “hostile” An aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others. They generally do not concede that opposing opinions have any merit.

Answer 14

Polemic

Question 15

The goal the speaker wants to achieve

Answer 15

Purpose

Question 16

Rhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling. The three major ones are to ethos (character), logos (reason), and pathos (emotion).

Answer 16

Rhetorical appeals

Question 17

I mnemonic device that stands for subject, occasion, audience, purpose, and speaker. It is a handy way to remember the various elements that make up the rhetorical situation.

Answer 17

SOAPS

Question 18

While this term generally means the written word, in the humanities it has come to mean any cultural product that can be read – meaning not just consumed and comprehended, but investigated. This includes fiction, nonfiction, poetry, political cartoons, fine art, photography, performances, fashion, cultural trends, and much more

Answer 18

Text

Question 19

A denial of the validity of an opposing argument. In order to sound reasonable, they often follow a concession that acknowledges that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable.

Answer 19

Refutation

Question 20

The person or group who creates a text. This might be a politician who delivers a speech, a commentator who writes an article, an artist who draws a political cartoon, or even a company that commissions an advertisement.

Answer 20

Speaker

Question 21

Meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition, or denotation. They are usually pesticide or negative, and they can greatly affect the authors tone.

Answer 21

Connotation

Question 22

An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting foward. Rather than ignoring this, a strong writer will usually address it through the process of concession and refutation.

Answer 22

Counterargument

Question 23

The topic of a text. What the text is about.

Answer 23

Subject

Question 24

Greek for “embodied thought”

Answer 24

Logos

Question 25

A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text

Answer 25

Rhetorical triangle (Aristotelian triangle)

Question 39

The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes and events surrounding a text.

Answer 39

Context