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Pathology > Chapter 1 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology

A

The study of disease

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2
Q

CDC

A

Centers for disease control and prevention

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3
Q

NCHS

A

National Center for Health Statistics

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4
Q

Disease

A

Abnormal disturbance of the function / structure of the human body as a result of an injury

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5
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Development of a disease

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6
Q

Manifestation

A

Changes from a disease

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7
Q

Symptom

A

Subjective evidence (patient)

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8
Q

Sign

A

Objective evidence (doctor)

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9
Q

Syndrome

A

Group of signs / symptoms that characterize a specific disease

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10
Q

Asymptomatic

A

Showing no signs or symptoms while having a disease

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11
Q

Etiology

A

Study of cause and origin of disease

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12
Q

Nosocomial

A

Coming from the hospital (UTI)

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13
Q

Iatrogenic

A

Adverse condition that occurs in a patient as a result of medical treatment

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14
Q

Idiopathic

A

Disease of unknown cause

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15
Q

Acute

A

Quick and short

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16
Q

Chronic

A

Slow and persistant

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17
Q

Diagnosis

A

Identification of the nature of an illness

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18
Q

Prognosis

A

Prediction of the course / outcome of a disease

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19
Q

Morphology

A

Structure of cells or tissues

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20
Q

Subtractive / Lytic / Destructive

A

Decrease in tissue - decrease exposure

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21
Q

Additive / Sclerotic

A

Increase in tissues - increase exposure time

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22
Q

Epidemiology

A

Investigation of disease in large groups

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23
Q

Prevalence

A

Stats that refer to the number of cases of a disease found in a given population

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24
Q

Incidence

A

Number of new cases of disease found in a given time period

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25
Q

Endemic

A

Disease of high prevalence in an area where the causative organism is commonly found

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26
Q

Pandemic

A

Epidemic affecting the majority of the population on a large scale

27
Q

Mortality Rate

A

Average number of deaths caused by a particular disease in a population

28
Q

NCHS

A

National Center for Health Statistics - collect, process, and publish death certificates

29
Q

USDHHS

A

United States Department of health and Human services- Work with NCHS to monitor and report mortality rates

30
Q

Morbidity Rate

A

Incidence of sickness sufficient to interfere with an individuals normal day

31
Q

Genome

A

All genetic DNA material - collectively

32
Q

NIH

A

National Institute of health

33
Q

Physical Map

A

Used to determine the physical location of a gene specific chromosome

34
Q

Genetic Map

A

Used to assign the distance between genetic markers - maps DNA to specific chromosomes

35
Q

Genetic Linkage map

A

Useful in tracking the inheritance of traits and diseases that are transmitted from parent to child. Genes in proximity will be more likely to be inherited

36
Q

SNPs

A

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism - Common patterns of gene variations of single DNA bases

37
Q

Haplotype (HapMap)

A

Closely linked SNPs on a single chromosome. Important in identifying specific DNA sequences that affect disease.

38
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in cell size

39
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in cell size

40
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Cells remain the same size but increase in number (skin loss)

41
Q

Metaplasia

A

Conversion of one cell type into another (smoker)

42
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormality of development of cells (size / shape / color)

43
Q

Congenital

A

Disease present at birth and results from genetic environmental factors

44
Q

Hereditary

A

caused by genetically transmitted disorders from parent to child

45
Q

Dominant

A

Single gene from either parent

46
Q

Recessive

A

Transmitted by both parents to an offspring

47
Q

Traumatic

A

Result from a force - Injury to the body

48
Q

Neoplastic

A

Results in new abnormal tissue growth

49
Q

Proliferation

A

Cell division

50
Q

Differentiation

A

Process of cellular specialization

51
Q

Benign Neoplasm

A

Remains localized and generally is non invasive

52
Q

Malignant Neoplasm

A

Grows fast and invades tissues

53
Q

Metastasis

A

Cancer cell growth

54
Q

Lymphatic spread

A

Cancerous cells have invaded the lymphatic system

55
Q

Hematogenous Spread

A

Cancer cells have invaded the circulatory system

56
Q

Invasion

A

Cancer cells spread into surrounding tissues by virtue of proximity

57
Q

Seeding

A

Cancer cells travel to distant site or organ system

58
Q

Lesion

A

Cell changes in response to a disease

59
Q

Cancer

A

General term for malignant neoplasms

60
Q

Sarcoma

A

Arises from connective tissue

61
Q

Carcinoma

A

One type of cancer arises from epithelial tissue

62
Q

Leukemia

A

Arises from blood cells

63
Q

Lymphoma

A

Arises from lymphatic cells

64
Q

TNM System

A

Tumor node metastasis- scale of grading tumor growth and patterns

Pathology (14 decks)

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