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Chapter 1 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology

A

The study of disease

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2
Q

CDC

A

Centers for disease control and prevention

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3
Q

NCHS

A

National Center for Health Statistics

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4
Q

Disease

A

Abnormal disturbance of the function / structure of the human body as a result of an injury

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5
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Development of a disease

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6
Q

Manifestation

A

Changes from a disease

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7
Q

Symptom

A

Subjective evidence (patient)

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8
Q

Sign

A

Objective evidence (doctor)

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9
Q

Syndrome

A

Group of signs / symptoms that characterize a specific disease

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10
Q

Asymptomatic

A

Showing no signs or symptoms while having a disease

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11
Q

Etiology

A

Study of cause and origin of disease

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12
Q

Nosocomial

A

Coming from the hospital (UTI)

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13
Q

Iatrogenic

A

Adverse condition that occurs in a patient as a result of medical treatment

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14
Q

Idiopathic

A

Disease of unknown cause

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15
Q

Acute

A

Quick and short

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16
Q

Chronic

A

Slow and persistant

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17
Q

Diagnosis

A

Identification of the nature of an illness

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18
Q

Prognosis

A

Prediction of the course / outcome of a disease

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19
Q

Morphology

A

Structure of cells or tissues

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20
Q

Subtractive / Lytic / Destructive

A

Decrease in tissue - decrease exposure

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21
Q

Additive / Sclerotic

A

Increase in tissues - increase exposure time

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22
Q

Epidemiology

A

Investigation of disease in large groups

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23
Q

Prevalence

A

Stats that refer to the number of cases of a disease found in a given population

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24
Q

Incidence

A

Number of new cases of disease found in a given time period

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25
Endemic
Disease of high prevalence in an area where the causative organism is commonly found
26
Pandemic
Epidemic affecting the majority of the population on a large scale
27
Mortality Rate
Average number of deaths caused by a particular disease in a population
28
NCHS
National Center for Health Statistics - collect, process, and publish death certificates
29
USDHHS
United States Department of health and Human services- Work with NCHS to monitor and report mortality rates
30
Morbidity Rate
Incidence of sickness sufficient to interfere with an individuals normal day
31
Genome
All genetic DNA material - collectively
32
NIH
National Institute of health
33
Physical Map
Used to determine the physical location of a gene specific chromosome
34
Genetic Map
Used to assign the distance between genetic markers - maps DNA to specific chromosomes
35
Genetic Linkage map
Useful in tracking the inheritance of traits and diseases that are transmitted from parent to child. Genes in proximity will be more likely to be inherited
36
SNPs
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism - Common patterns of gene variations of single DNA bases
37
Haplotype (HapMap)
Closely linked SNPs on a single chromosome. Important in identifying specific DNA sequences that affect disease.
38
Atrophy
Decrease in cell size
39
Hypertrophy
Increase in cell size
40
Hyperplasia
Cells remain the same size but increase in number (skin loss)
41
Metaplasia
Conversion of one cell type into another (smoker)
42
Dysplasia
Abnormality of development of cells (size / shape / color)
43
Congenital
Disease present at birth and results from genetic environmental factors
44
Hereditary
caused by genetically transmitted disorders from parent to child
45
Dominant
Single gene from either parent
46
Recessive
Transmitted by both parents to an offspring
47
Traumatic
Result from a force - Injury to the body
48
Neoplastic
Results in new abnormal tissue growth
49
Proliferation
Cell division
50
Differentiation
Process of cellular specialization
51
Benign Neoplasm
Remains localized and generally is non invasive
52
Malignant Neoplasm
Grows fast and invades tissues
53
Metastasis
Cancer cell growth
54
Lymphatic spread
Cancerous cells have invaded the lymphatic system
55
Hematogenous Spread
Cancer cells have invaded the circulatory system
56
Invasion
Cancer cells spread into surrounding tissues by virtue of proximity
57
Seeding
Cancer cells travel to distant site or organ system
58
Lesion
Cell changes in response to a disease
59
Cancer
General term for malignant neoplasms
60
Sarcoma
Arises from connective tissue
61
Carcinoma
One type of cancer arises from epithelial tissue
62
Leukemia
Arises from blood cells
63
Lymphoma
Arises from lymphatic cells
64
TNM System
Tumor node metastasis- scale of grading tumor growth and patterns

Pathology (14 decks)

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