Chapter 1 - Studying Life

Question 1

Prokaryote

Answer 1

Single cell organisms consisting of two main groups; Bacteria and Archaea

Question 2

ATP

Answer 2

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is an energy carrying molecule that is found in the cells of all living things.

Question 3

Photosynthetic Organisms

Answer 3

Organisms that capture energy from the sunlight and use it to produce organic compounds using the process of photosynthesis

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

The process in which an organism captures energy from the sunlight to synthesize food from CO2 and H2O.

Ex…
Plant takes in sunlight and produces O2, in plants photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts
Cyanobacteria are also photosynthetic organisms

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

The sum total of all the DNA in a cell

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a chemical compound that makes up all of the genetic information in our bodies and the instructions for protein synthesis

Question 7

Synthesis (Scientific term)

Answer 7

The production of chemical compounds by reaction of similar materials

Question 8

Gene

Answer 8

A specific segment of DNA that contains genetic information and instructions for making a protein

Question 9

Nucleotide

Answer 9

Organic materials essential for carrying out metabolic and physiological activities. Nucleotides consist of a basic composition of a phosphate, nitrogenous base and, pentose sugar

Question 10

Phosphate

Answer 10

A form of Phosphoric acid that contains phosphorus

Question 11

Binomial

Answer 11

A specific scientific name, each species has one

Ex…
Homo Sapiens

Question 12

Genus

Answer 12

A group of species that share the same common ancestor

Question 13

Multicellular Eukarya

Answer 13

Plants, animals and, fungi

Question 14

Macromolecules

Answer 14

Large organic molecules, and four known macromolecules are

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fatty acids
Nucleic acids

Question 15

Homeostasis

Answer 15

The process in which your body regulates itself. The biological systems inside of your body maintain self-stability while adjusting to external conditions

Question 16

Independent Variable

Answer 16

The variable that is being manipulated, it is the cause, it is independent of any other variables in your study.

Ex…

You design a study to test whether changes in room temperature have an effect on math test scores.

The independent variable in this study would be the temperature, it is being manipulated to either warm up or cool down.

https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/independent-and-dependent-variables/

Question 17

Dependent Variable

Answer 17

The variable that is measured, the effect. The dependent variable depends on the changes to the independent variable.

Ex…

You design a study to test whether changes in room temperature have an effect on math test scores.

In this study the dependent variable would be the math test scores, you will look at this and see if the math test scores were altered or influenced in any way based on the independent variable (temperature)

https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/independent-and-dependent-variables/

Question 18

Bacteria

Answer 18

One of the two main groups of prokaryotes(single cell organisms) that emerged in the first 2 billion years of life.

Question 19

Biology

Answer 19

The scientific study of living things.

All living things are descended from a common origin of life that occurred about 4 billion years ago.

Question 20

Archaea

Answer 20

Second major group of prokaryotes to appear 2 billion years ago along with bacteria.

Many have been found living in extreme environments and have been dubbed “extremeophiles”

Question 21

Genome

Answer 21

The sum total of all the DNA in a cell

Question 22

DNA

Answer 22

Deoxyribonucleic acid, a polymer that contains genetic information

Question 23

Protein

Answer 23

Macromolecule that is joined together by peptide bonds and amino acid residues

Question 24

Evolution

Answer 24

The change in the genetic makeup of populations throughout time.

Question 25

Phylogenetic Tree

Answer 25

A diagram that illustrates the evolutionary histories of different groups of organisms

Question 26

Ecosystem

Answer 26

Communities together with their abiotic and biotic environment

Question 27

Eukaryote

Answer 27

Early prokaryotes that began to live in interdependent relationships came together and formed a third major lineage of life. These cells had internal membranes with nucleus’s and genetic material.

Question 28

Adaptation

Answer 28

The process in which a species becomes fitted to its environment

Question 29

Natural Selection

Answer 29

The process whereby organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and to produce offspring. Theorized by Charles Darwin, believed to be the main process that brings about evolution.

Question 30

Population

Answer 30

A group of individuals of the same species living and inbreeding within a given area