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Bio 101 > Chapter 1 - Studying Life > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Studying Life Flashcards

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1
Q

Prokaryote

A

Single cell organisms consisting of two main groups; Bacteria and Archaea

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2
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is an energy carrying molecule that is found in the cells of all living things.

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3
Q

Photosynthetic Organisms

A

Organisms that capture energy from the sunlight and use it to produce organic compounds using the process of photosynthesis

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4
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process in which an organism captures energy from the sunlight to synthesize food from CO2 and H2O.

Ex…
Plant takes in sunlight and produces O2, in plants photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts
Cyanobacteria are also photosynthetic organisms

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5
Q

Genome

A

The sum total of all the DNA in a cell

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6
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a chemical compound that makes up all of the genetic information in our bodies and the instructions for protein synthesis

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7
Q

Synthesis (Scientific term)

A

The production of chemical compounds by reaction of similar materials

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8
Q

Gene

A

A specific segment of DNA that contains genetic information and instructions for making a protein

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9
Q

Nucleotide

A

Organic materials essential for carrying out metabolic and physiological activities. Nucleotides consist of a basic composition of a phosphate, nitrogenous base and, pentose sugar

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10
Q

Phosphate

A

A form of Phosphoric acid that contains phosphorus

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11
Q

Binomial

A

A specific scientific name, each species has one

Ex…
Homo Sapiens

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12
Q

Genus

A

A group of species that share the same common ancestor

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13
Q

Multicellular Eukarya

A

Plants, animals and, fungi

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14
Q

Macromolecules

A

Large organic molecules, and four known macromolecules are

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fatty acids
Nucleic acids

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15
Q

Homeostasis

A

The process in which your body regulates itself. The biological systems inside of your body maintain self-stability while adjusting to external conditions

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16
Q

Independent Variable

A

The variable that is being manipulated, it is the cause, it is independent of any other variables in your study.

Ex…

You design a study to test whether changes in room temperature have an effect on math test scores.

The independent variable in this study would be the temperature, it is being manipulated to either warm up or cool down.

https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/independent-and-dependent-variables/

17
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The variable that is measured, the effect. The dependent variable depends on the changes to the independent variable.

Ex…

You design a study to test whether changes in room temperature have an effect on math test scores.

In this study the dependent variable would be the math test scores, you will look at this and see if the math test scores were altered or influenced in any way based on the independent variable (temperature)

https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/independent-and-dependent-variables/

18
Q

Bacteria

A

One of the two main groups of prokaryotes(single cell organisms) that emerged in the first 2 billion years of life.

19
Q

Biology

A

The scientific study of living things.

All living things are descended from a common origin of life that occurred about 4 billion years ago.

20
Q

Archaea

A

Second major group of prokaryotes to appear 2 billion years ago along with bacteria.

Many have been found living in extreme environments and have been dubbed “extremeophiles”

21
Q

Genome

A

The sum total of all the DNA in a cell

22
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid, a polymer that contains genetic information

23
Q

Protein

A

Macromolecule that is joined together by peptide bonds and amino acid residues

24
Q

Evolution

A

The change in the genetic makeup of populations throughout time.

25
Q

Phylogenetic Tree

A

A diagram that illustrates the evolutionary histories of different groups of organisms

26
Q

Ecosystem

A

Communities together with their abiotic and biotic environment

27
Q

Eukaryote

A

Early prokaryotes that began to live in interdependent relationships came together and formed a third major lineage of life.

These cells had internal membranes with nucleus’s and genetic material.

28
Q

Adaptation

A

The process in which a species becomes fitted to its environment

29
Q

Natural Selection

A

The process whereby organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and to produce offspring. Theorized by Charles Darwin, believed to be the main process that brings about evolution.

30
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals of the same species living and inbreeding within a given area

Bio 101 (2 decks)

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