Chapter 1- Stat

Question 1

singular statistics

Answer 1

the science of collecting, organizing, presenting and interpreting data

Question 2

plural statistics

Answer 2

the data that describes or summarizes something

Question 3

population

Answer 3

the complete set of people or things being studies

Question 4

population parameter

Answer 4

specific characters of the population

Question 5

sample

Answer 5

a subset of the population from which data are actually obtained

Question 6

sample statistics

Answer 6

numbers describing characteristics of the sample found by consolidating or summarizing raw data

Question 7

margin of error

Answer 7

used to describe the range of values, or confidence interval likely to contain the population parameter

Question 8

margin of error formula

Answer 8

sample statistics +- margin of error

Question 9

census

Answer 9

a collection of data from EVERY member of a population

Question 10

bias

Answer 10

if a design or conduct tends to favor a certain result

Question 11

representative sample

Answer 11

a sample in which the relevant characteristics of the sample members are generally the same as the characteristics of the population

Question 12

simple random sampling

Answer 12

every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected to be a part of the sample(or study)

Question 13

stratified sampling

Answer 13

the overall population is divided into a number of stratas then a random sample from each stratum is drawn.

Question 14

cluster sampling

Answer 14

the population is divided into groups or clusters and some of these clusters are selected at random. a sample is obtained by choosing all members within each random cluster

Question 15

systematic sampling

Answer 15

type of sampling in which we use a system

Question 16

convenience sampling

Answer 16

the sample is chosen for convenience rather than a sophisticated procedure

Question 17

observational study

Answer 17

researchers observe or measure characteristics of the subject, but DO NOT attempt to influence or change the characteristics. they simply observe

Question 18

experiment

Answer 18

researchers apply some treatment and observe its effect on the subjects of the experiment

Question 19

placebo

Answer 19

lacks the active ingredient of a treatment that is being tested in a study, but it looks or feels like the treatment

Question 20

placebo effect

Answer 20

refers to the situations where a patient improves simply because they believe they are receiving a useful treatment