Chapter 1 Skeletal & Muscular System Flashcards
Where is the Bicep
Front of Upper arm
Where is the Deltiod
Shoulder
Where is the Pectoral
Chest
Where is the Trapezius
Upper back/neck muscles
Where is the Hip flexor
The inner leg connecting the hip to the upper leg
Where are the Abdominals
Core / Stomach
Where are the Quadriceps
Front of Upper leg
Where is the Tibialis anterior
Front of Lower leg
Where is the Tricep
Back of Upper Arm
Where is the Latissimus dorsi
Back
Where is the Gluteus maximus
Butt
Where are the Hamstrings
Back of Upper leg
Where is the Gastrocnemius
Back of Lower leg
Name three types of muscles
There are 3 types of muscles, Cardiac (Heart), Skeletal (attaches to our bones), and smooth (digestive).
What are Slow twitch fibres
Slow twitch fibres are used for muscular endurance – they contract slowly but do not fatigue (get tired) easily
Slow twitch fibres are typically red in colour due to the dense supply of capillaries
Slow twitch fibres are prevalent in endurance athletes, such as marathon runners
What are Fast twitch fibres
Fast twitch fibres are used for muscular strength – they contract rapidly but fatigue easily
Fast twitch fibres are typically lighter in colour (white)
Fast twitch fibres are prevalent in strength athletes, such as sprinters
What are the 4 functions of the Skeleton
- Shape and Support
- Movement
- Protection
- Blood Production
What is protection in the skeleton
Internal organs are soft, delicate and easily damaged. These vital organs are protected by the skeleton. An example of this is the cranium protects the heart and the ribs help protect the heart and lungs.
What is movement in the skeleton
Muscles are attached to the skeleton. Movement occurs when muscles contract and pull on bones making them move about joints. For example, the biceps muscle connects the shoulder and the elbow and helps with lifting.
What is shape and support in the skeleton
The skeleton provides shape and support for the body. It forms the frame to which our muscles can attach and in which our organs can sit. An example is the backbone enables us to stay upright.
What is blood production in the skeleton
The centre of some large bones contains red bone marrow, which creates red blood cells. The pelvis and femur are both important in blood production.
What are all the Long bones in the body
Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Clavicle, Metacarpals, Phalanges, Metatarsals
What are all the Short bones in the body
Carpals, Patella, Tarsals, Talus
What is the purpose of Long bones
Allow a lot a of movement in the body as well as blood production
What is the purpose of Short bones
Short bones are there for stability and small movements
What are all the Irregular bones in the body
Vertebrate, Pelvis
What is the purpose of Irregular bones
Irregular bones serve as protection for example several vertebrae protect the spinal cord also has a large surface area so muscles can attach
What are all the flat bones in the body
Cranium, Scapula, Ribs
What is the purpose of flat bones
Flat bones unlike irregular bones only provide protection for internal organs such as the cranium protecting the brain
When a joint angle increase
Extension
When a joint angle decreases
Flexion
Pointing the toes downwards
Plantarflexion
Lifting the toes upwards
Dorsiflexion
Moving limbs away from the body centre
Abduction
Moving limbs towards the body centre
Adduction
Movement of a limb circular motion along a single axis
Rotation
Limb tracing a cone shape
Circumduction
Where a muscle joins a moving bone
Insertion
Where muscles change length as they contract
Isotonic contraction
Where a muscle joins a stationary bone
Origin
Where the muscles contract but stays the same length
Isometric contraction
The muscle that CONTRACTs to create movement
Agonist
The muscle that RELAXES during movement
Antagonist
Muscles that work in opposition. The create movement when one contracts and the other lengthens.
Antagonistic pair
Muscle contraction but the muscle lengthens
Eccentric contraction
What are the two different types of joints
Hinge joint
Ball and Socket joint
What is ACL
The ACL is one of the most common ligaments to be injured. The ACL is often stretched or torn during a sudden twisting motion. This is when the feet stay planted one way, but the knees turn the other way.
