Chapter 1: Safety & Intro to Chem

Question 1

Safety:

Who has responsibilities for safety in a classroom?

Answer 1

Both the teacher and the students have responsibilities for safety in the classroom. The teacher is responsible for providing instructions and guidance on safety procedures, while the students are responsible for following those instructions and being mindful of safety practices.

Question 2

Safety:

What types of clothing should you avoid wearing in the lab?

Answer 2

Students should avoid wearing baggy sleeves, open-toed shoes, scarves, wild hair, and dangly jewelry in the lab. These items can pose a safety hazard, and proper lab attire includes closed-toed shoes, lab aprons, tied-back hair, and properly worn goggles.

Question 3

Safety:

What must you remember to do when we are working with open flames in the lab?

Answer 3

When working with open flames in the lab, it is essential to exercise extreme caution. Some key points include:
Never have flammable liquids near a heating device.
When using a Bunsen burner, ensure that there is enough oxygen for combustion and adjust the flame appropriately.
When heating substances in a test tube, avoid pointing the mouth of the tube towards your face or others.

Question 4

Safety:

In lab, what do you actually need to have?

Answer 4

In the lab, you only need a few essential items, including:
Calculator
Pencil
Lab sheet
Any other materials specified by the teacher for the particular experiment.
Extra items like backpacks, scarves, folders, and papers are considered safety hazards and should not be brought into the lab.

Question 5

Safety:

Never _______________ or ________________ in a science laboratory!

Answer 5

Never eat or drink in a science laboratory.

Question 6

Safety:

Follow all __________________ and __________________ instructions in the lab. Make sure that you ___________________ __________ ___________!

Answer 6

Follow all written and verbal instructions in the lab. Make sure that you ask for help if you are unsure about what to do.

Question 7

Safety:

There are two types of safety equipment: ________________ and ______________. List the components of each.

Answer 7

Personal Safety Equipment includes goggles, aprons, and gloves.

Classroom Safety Equipment may include a fire blanket, a fire extinguisher, a first aid kit, an eyewash station, and a safety shower.

Question 8

Safety:

How long do you need to use the eye-wash station for?

Answer 8

If something gets in your eye during a science experiment, use the eye-wash station for 15 to 20 minutes.

Question 9

Safety:

It is extremely important that you read ____________________ very carefully.

Answer 9

It is extremely important that you read labels very carefully in the science class.

Question 10

Safety:

How should you identify something according to its smell?

Answer 10

Use the wafting technique. Fan a small amount of vapor toward your nose to identify the smell.

Question 11

Safety:

Broken glass, oh my! How should properly pick up broken glass? Also don’t forget to notify me first!

Answer 11

Broken glass should be picked up with your hands only if you’re wearing protective gloves. Use a broom and a dustpan for the rest. Notify the teacher before handling broken glass.

Question 12

Safety:

A proper burner should have what type of flame?

Answer 12

A proper burner flame should have a gentle roar and an internal blue flame. Adjust it to achieve this.

Question 13

Safety:

What is true of hot and cold glassware?

Answer 13

Hot and cold glassware look exactly the same. Be cautious when handling glassware in the lab.

Question 14

Chemists are involved in activities such as:
A. producing new materials.
B. producing new sources of energy.
C. understanding and controlling various diseases.
D. All of the above

Answer 14

D. All of the Above

Question 15

Which of the following is another term for quantitative observation?
A. theory
B. measurement
C. hypothesis
D. natural law

Answer 15

B. Measurement

Question 16

What does a chemist mean by a “microscopic view” of
the world, and why is taking such a view important to
a chemist?

Answer 16

When chemists refer to a “microscopic view,” they consider the individual atoms and molecules of a substance. Chemistry is concerned with matter and its changes, and to understand these changes, we need to deal with the atoms and molecules that make up a substance.

Question 17

True or False:

We can prove a theory to be correct by performing the
right experiment.

Answer 17

False.

We cannot prove a theory to be correct we can only support a theory. We can prove a theory to be incorrect.

Question 18

True or False:

If a theory is accepted for a long time, it eventually
becomes a law.

Answer 18

False.

A law is a summary of observations. Theories may be generally accepted but they are explanations of “why” and not a summary of “what.”

Question 19

True or False:

A law is a summary of observed behavior.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

True or False:

A theory is an attempt to explain what happens in an
experiment.

Answer 20

False.

A theory is an attempt to explain why nature behaves in a certain way. A law is a summary of what happens.

Question 21

Explain the difference between the terms macroscopic and microscopic.

Answer 21

Macroscopic refers to the observable properties and behavior of substances on a scale that can be seen with the naked eye. It involves the study of substances in bulk. Examples include the study of a chair or a water bottle.

Microscopic refers to the study of the very small particles that make up matter, such as atoms and molecules. Microscopic observations require tools like microscopes. Examples include examining the structure of molecules or the behavior of individual atoms.

Question 22

Chemistry is a study of matter and its changes. List at least three chemical changes that are a
part of your everyday life.

Answer 22

Digestion: The process of breaking down food in our bodies involves chemical changes. Enzymes in our digestive system break down complex molecules into simpler ones.
Combustion: Burning a candle involves a chemical change. The wax reacts with oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat.
Cooking: Various chemical changes occur during cooking. For example, the Maillard reaction is responsible for the browning of food, enhancing its flavor.

Question 23

It is worthwhile for scientists, technicians, doctors,
politicians, and artists to take a scientific approach to their professions. Discuss how each of
these people could use a scientific approach in their professions.

Answer 23

Each of these professionals can benefit from a scientific approach by incorporating critical thinking, evidence-based decision-making, and a systematic methodology into their work.

Question 24

Discuss how a hypothesis can become a theory

Answer 24

A hypothesis is an educated guess or a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. It becomes a theory through a process of rigorous testing, experimentation, and validation by the scientific community. When multiple independent studies consistently support a hypothesis, and it withstands scrutiny and challenges, it can be elevated to the status of a scientific theory.

Question 25

True or false:

If a theory proves correct over a long period of time, it becomes a law.

Explain your answer.

Answer 25

False. In the scientific context, a theory and a law serve different purposes. A theory is a comprehensive explanation for a wide range of phenomena, backed by evidence and often involving complex relationships. A law, on the other hand, is a statement describing a consistent and universal relationship observed in nature. Theories do not become laws; they coexist, with theories explaining and laws describing.

Question 26

Make five quantitative observations about the room you are in:

Answer 26

The room measures 20 feet in length.
The temperature is 25 degrees Celsius.
There are three windows providing natural light.
The room contains five chairs and two tables.
The noise level is 40 decibels.

Question 27

Make five qualitative observations about the room you are in.

Answer 27

The room has a warm and inviting ambiance.
The walls are painted in a soothing shade of blue.
There is a pleasant aroma of fresh flowers.
The room is well-lit with natural sunlight.
There is a comfortable and cozy feeling in the space.

Question 28

Differentiate between a “personal theory” and a “scientific theory.”

Answer 28

Personal Theory:

This refers to an individual’s subjective beliefs or ideas about how things work, often without rigorous testing or empirical evidence. It may be based on personal experiences, opinions, or intuition.

Scientific Theory:

This is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is substantiated through empirical evidence and rigorous scientific investigation. It is subject to testing, verification, and potential falsification, and it is widely accepted within the scientific community based on its explanatory power.

Question 29

Summarize the importance of learning chemistry.

Answer 29

chapter 1learning objective

Question 30

Describe the practices of science.

Answer 30

ch 1 learning objective

Question 31

Summarize the practices of engineering.

Answer 31

ch 1 learning objective

Question 32

Re-read / Review the FLINN safety rules:

https://roeper.myschoolapp.com/ftpimages/1006/download/download_9236287.pdf

Answer 32

:)