chapter 1 S Flashcards
when molecules are joined in condensation together what products are formed?
polymers and water
what is the biological monomer and polymer for the following:
carbo hydrate
protein
nucleic acids
carbohydrate monomer= monosaccharide
carbohydrate polymer= polysaccharide
protein monomer= amino acid
protein polymer= polypeptides
nucleic acid monomer= nucleotide
nucleic acid polymer= polynucleotide/ DNA
when molecules are broken down in hydrolysis what products are formed
smaller molecules and water is split in the process
whats the difference between alpha and beta glucose
in alpha OH’s are below but they’re above in beta glucose
what are monosaccharides and what are their properties
they’re the basic unit in carbohydrates and simplest sugars
properties:
-sweet taste
-soluble
-(CH20)n where n can be 3-7
-includes: glucose ,fructose and galactose
whats the test for reducing sugars (all monosaccharides and some disaccharides)
-add 2 cm^3 of the food to be tested into a test tube. if the sample is not already a liquid, grind it up into water
-add an equal volume of benedict’s reagent
-heat the mixture in a boiling water bath for 5 mins
how does the benedict’s test work
the reducing sugar donates electrons to the benedict’s reagent
causes the copper 2 sulphate( blue) to copper 1 (red)
what happens during a condensation reaction of glucose
removal of an OH from one glucose and a H from another (H20) to form a glycosidic bond. this happens on carbon 1 of one glucose and carbon 4 of the other in alpha glucose (forms disaccharide)
what happens during a hydrolysis reaction of glucose
the glycosidic bond is broken by adding water (forms 2 monosaccharides)
which monosaccharides for the following disaccharides
-maltose
-lactose
-sucrose
maltose :glucose + glucose
lactose: glucose+ galactose
sucrose: glucose + fructose
