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anatomy > Chapter 1 Review Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

study of internal and external body structures and their physical relationships

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2
Q

physiology

A

study of how living organisms preform their vital functions

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3
Q

anatomy and physiology are related because

A

anatomical info gives clues abt functions and physiology processes can be explained w/ anatomy terms. think structure defines function

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4
Q

gross anatomy

A

involves LARGE structures (macroscopic) can be seen with the unaided eye

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5
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

involves SMALL structures that human eyes can not see

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6
Q

what are specialties of physiology

A

cell, organ, systemic, pathological

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7
Q

why is it difficult to separate anatomy and physiology

A

because the structure and function of the body are closely related

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8
Q

what are the major organ systems

A

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, male reproductive, female reproductive

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9
Q

name the levels of organization, simplest to most complex

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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10
Q

what are the structures of the integumentary system

A

hair, skin, nails, sweat glands

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11
Q

what are the structures of the skeletal system

A

cone, cartilage, ligaments, bone marrow

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12
Q

what are the structures of the muscular system

A

muscles, tendons

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13
Q

what are the structures of the nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs

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14
Q

what are the structures of the endocrine system

A

pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads, tissues

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15
Q

what are the structures of the cardiovascular system

A

heart, blood, blood vessels

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16
Q

what are the structures of the lymphatic system

A

spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils

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17
Q

what are the structures of the respiratory system

A

nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli

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18
Q

what are the structures of the digestive

A

teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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19
Q

what are the structures of the urinary

A

kidney, bladder, ureters, urethra

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20
Q

what are the structures of the male reproductive system

A

testes, epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal glands, prostate gland, penis, scrotum

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21
Q

what are the structures of the female reproductive

A

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammy glands

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22
Q

at which level of organization does a histologist investigate structures

A

tissue level of organization

23
Q

medical terminology

A

a special language that involves using roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combing forms to construct medical terms

24
Q

eponym

A

commemorative name for a mythical person

25
Q

what is the book that serves as the international standards for anatomical terms

A

terminologia anatomica (TA)

26
Q

what is the purpose of anatomical terms

A

provide a standardized frame or reference for describing the human body

27
Q

describe the anterior view and posterior view for a body in the anatomical position

A

an anterior view is seen from the front and posterior view is from the back

28
Q

name 2 essential functions of the body cavities of the trunk

A

protect internal organs.
permits the organs to change in size and shape

29
Q

describe the various body cavities of the trunk

A

thoracic cavity includes the pleural and pericardial cavities (encloses the lungs and heart). abdominopelvic cavity contains the peritoneal cavity (which contains the superior abdominal cavity and the inferior pelvic cavity)

30
Q

homeostasis

A

the existence of a stable internal environment

31
Q

which mechanism of homeostatic regulation always involves the nervous or endocrine system

A

extrinsic regulation

32
Q

why is homeostasis important to an organism

A

prevents potentially disruptive changes in the body’s internal environment

33
Q

the study of the structure of tissues is called

A

histology

34
Q

the increasingly forceful labor contractions during childbirth are an example of

A

positive feedback

35
Q

failure of homeostatic regulation in the body results in

A

disease

36
Q

a plane through the body that passes perpendicular to the long axis of the body into a superior and an inferior section is a

A

transverse section

37
Q

which body cavity would enclose the heart

A

pericardial cavity

38
Q

which body cavity would enclose the small intestine and large intestine

A

peritoneal cavity

39
Q

which body cavity would enclose the lungs

A

pleural cavity

40
Q

which body cavity would enclose the kidneys

A

abdominal (abdominopelvic) cavity

41
Q

the mediastinum is the region between the

A

two pleural cavities

42
Q

the two major body cavities of the trunk are the

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

43
Q

what distinguishes autoregulation from extrinsic regulation

A

autoregulation occurs when the activities of a cell change automatically when faced with an environmental change. extrinsic regulation results from the activities of the nervous or endocrine system

44
Q

describe the anatomical position

A

the body is erect, and the hands are at the sides w/ palms forward

45
Q

which sectional plane could divide the body so that the face remains intact

A

frontal (coronal) plane

46
Q

which of the following is NOT an example of negative feedback
A) increased pressure in the aorta triggers mechanisms to lower blood pressure
B) a rise in blood calcium levels triggers to release of a hormone that lowers blood calcium
C) a rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus
D) increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to store blood sugar

A

C

47
Q

explain the function of negative feedback systems

A

they provide long-term control over the body’s internal conditions

48
Q

what happens to the body when homeostasis breaks down

A

organ systems function less efficiently, results in disease or death

49
Q

explain how a positive feedback system works

A

it amplifies the effects of a stimulus

50
Q

why is a positive feedback helpful in blood clotting but unsuitable for the regulation of body temp

A

it would cause a slight fever to spiral out of control, with fatal results

51
Q

equilibrium

A

constantly changing state in which two opposing forces are in balance

52
Q

when the body continuously adapts by using homeostatic mechanisms, it is said to be in a state of __________ equilibrium

A

dynamic

53
Q

the hormone insulin is released from the pancreas in response to an increased level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. if this hormone is controlled by negative feedback, what effect would insulin have on the blood glucose level

A

this hormone should decrease blood glucose, thus decreasing the stimulus for its own release

54
Q

a stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted, causing brain cells to die. why might a stroke result in a rise or fall in normal body temp.

A

the hypothalamus lies in the brain, which controls body temp, this is why a stroke causes a change in body temp

anatomy (4 decks)

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