Chapter 1 : Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
A series of chemical reactions that happens inside every living cell.
What is the red pigment found in red blood cells called?
Haemoglobin
Inspired air contains ___________ oxygen than expired air.
more
Inspired air contains ___________ carbon dioxide than expired air.
less
Name 4 adaptations of the alveoli
- One-cell thick wall. So that there is a shorter distance for diffusion to take place.
- Large surface area. To maximise gaseous exhange.
- Moist. For gases to dissolve easily.
- Network - To increase surface area.
Name 2 cells anaerobic respiration occurs in.
Yeast cells, muscle cells.
State one substance that is NOT required for anaerobic respiration.
Oxygen
State the substance does respiration needs.
Glucose
Order the following structures.
A: Alveoli
B: Bronchi
C: Bronchioles
D: Laynx
E: Nose
F: Trachea
E, D, F, B, C, A
What is the composition of inspired air?
20% Oxygen
0.04% Carbon Dioxide
78% Nitrogen
What is the composition of expired air?
16% Oxygen
4% Carbon Dioxide
78% Nitrogen
What happens when you breathe in?
- Intercoastal muscles contract, pulling the ribs outward and upwards.
- The muscles in the diaphragm contract, pulling it downwards.
- The volume of the chest cavity increases.
- The pressure in the chest and lungs increases.
- Air moves down through the trachea to the lungs.
What happens when you breathe out?
- Intercoastal muscles relax, moving the ribs inwards and downwards.
- The muscles in the diaphragm relax.
- The volume of the chest cavity decreases.
- The pressure in chest and lungs decreases
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen -> Water + Carbon dioxide
What does the mitochondria do?
It releases energy from glucose so that the cells can use the energy.
What is blood made up of?
- Plasma
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
What is plasma?
It is the liquid part of the blood. It is mostly water as it transports red blood cells and white blood cells. Plasma has many different substances dissolved in it such as glucose.
Name 3 substances transported by plasma.
- Glucose
- Waste substances (such as carbon dioxide)
- Red blood cells
Name 3 adaptations of red blood cells.
- There is no nucleus to make more room for haemoglobin.
- Biconcave shape to hold/carry oxygen.
- There is no mitochondria in the cytoplasm
- The cytoplasm contains a red pigment called haemoglobin which carries oxygen.
Why do red blood cells have haemoglobin?
To help the red blood cells transport oxygen. Haemoglobin carries oxygen, forming a compound called oxyhaemoglobin.
Define ‘pathogens’.
Micro-organisms that cause illness or disease such as germs and bacteria.
What do antibodies do?
They stick on to the pathogen, sometimes killing them directly and sometimes they just glue the pathogens together to make it easier for the other white blood cells to kill.
Name 2 structures that most cells have but red blood cells do not.
A nucleus, mitochondria.
Describe the fuctiuon of white blood cells.
To protect the body against and to get rid of pathogens.
