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Blood Bank > Chapter 1- Red Blood Cell and Platelet Preservation > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Red Blood Cell and Platelet Preservation Flashcards

1
Q

Traditionally, the amount of whole blood in a unit was 450 ml +/- 10%, what is it more recently?

A

500 ml +/- 10%

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2
Q

with the increase of units of blood from 450 to 500 ml the volume of anticoagulant-preservative solution went from what to what?

A

63 ml to 70 ml

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3
Q

What is the max a 110 pound donor can donate?

A

525 ml whole blood

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4
Q

What is the total blood volume of most adults?

A

10 to 12 pints

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5
Q

how long does it takes a donor to replenish 1 pint of blood?

A

24 hours

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6
Q

How long does it take a donor to replace red blood cells?

A

1 to 2 months

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7
Q

How often can a donor donate?

A

every 8 weeks

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8
Q

Units of whole blood can be separated into how many components?

A

Three

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9
Q

What three components can whole blood be separated into?

A

packed RBCs, platelets, and plasma

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10
Q

Less whole blood has been used recently for platelets due to increased use of what?

A

Apheresis machines

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11
Q

Plasma can be converted via cryoprecipitation into what?

A

clotting factor concentrate rich in antihemophilic factor (factor VIII)

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12
Q

How long can a unit of whole blood be stored for?

A

21 to 42 days depending on additive

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13
Q

What are the three areas of RBC biology that are crucial for normal erythrocyte survival ans function?

A
  1. normal chemical composition and structure of the RBC membrane
  2. Hemoglobin structure and function
  3. RBC metabolism
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14
Q

Defects in any of the three RBC biology areas may result in RBCs surviving less than the normal_______ in circulation

A

120 days

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15
Q

What is the main lipid in the RBC membrane?

A

phospholipid

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16
Q

What is an integral membrane protein?

A

proteins that extend from the outer surface and span the entire membrane to the inner cytoplasmic side of the RBC

17
Q

What is a peripheral membrane protein?

A

proteins beneath the lipid bilayer that are in the cytoplasmic surface forming the RBC cytoskeleton

18
Q

To remain viable, normal RBCs must remain what?

A

flexible, deformable, and permeable

19
Q

The loss of ATP levels lead to a decrease in phosphorylation of what and in turn loss of membrane what?

A

Spectrin

Deformability

20
Q

When RBCs are ATP depleted, what happens to permeability of the RBC membrane?

A

Calcium and sodium are allowed to accumulate intracellularly and potassium and water are lost, this results in a dehydrated cell.

21
Q

What pathways is RBC metabolism divided into?

A

anaerobic glycolytic pathway, and three ancillary pathways that serve to maintain structure and function

22
Q

What are the three ancillary pathways of the RBC?

A

the pentose phosphate pathway, the methemoglobin reductase pathway, and the luebering-rapoport shunt

23
Q

What percent of ATP does RBC glycolysis genertae?

A

90%

24
Q

Approximately ____ ATP is generated by the pentose phosphate pathway?

A

10%

25
Q

The luebering-rapoport shunt allows accumulation of what?

A

2,3-DPG

26
Q

accumulation of 2,3-DPG in RBCs allows what?

A

it affects the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

27
Q

What is hemoglobins primary function?

A

gas transport

28
Q

The unloading of oxygen is accompanied by widening of a space between beta chains and the binding of _______ on a mole for mole basis, with the formation of anionic salt bridges between chains

A

2,3 DPG

29
Q

What is the tense form of RBCs?

A

when oxygen has been unloaded and 2,3 DPG is bound, which has a lower affinity for oxygen

30
Q

When hemoglobin loads oxygen and becomes oxyhemoglobin, the salt bridges are broken and beta chains are pulled together which expels 2,3 DPG, this is referred to as?

A

The relaxed form, which has a higher affinity for oxygen

31
Q

The allosteric changes that occur as hemoglobin loads and unloads oxygen are referred to as?

A

respiratory movement

Blood Bank (2 decks)

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