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Anatomy & Physiology I > Chapter 1 Quiz- The Human Organism > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Quiz- The Human Organism Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structure

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things

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3
Q

What are the 6 levels of Organization in order?

A 
Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organism
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4
Q

What is the Chemical Level?

A

Atoms combine to form molecules

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5
Q

What is the Cellular Level?

A

Basic unit of life molecules- organelles- cells

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6
Q

What is the Tissue Level?

A

Similar cells

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7
Q

What is the Organ Level?

A

Different Tissues

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8
Q

What is the Organ System Level?

A

Group of Organs

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9
Q

What is the Organism Level?

A

Group of Organ Systems (any living thing)

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10
Q

What are the 11 Organ Systems

A
  1. Integumentary
  2. Skeletal
  3. Muscular
  4. Nervous
  5. Endocrine
  6. Cardiovascular
  7. Lymphatic
  8. Respiratory
  9. Digestive
  10. Urinary
  11. Female & Male Reproductive
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11
Q

What is the Integumentary structure and function?

A

Skin, hair & nails

Provides protection, regulates temp, prevents water loss, & helps produce vitamin D

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12
Q

What is the Skeletal structure and function?

A

Bones, ligaments & joints

Provide protection/support, allows body movements, produces blood cells & stores minerals & adipose (fat tissue)

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13
Q

What is the Muscular structure and function?

A

Muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons

Produces body movements, maintains posture & produces body heat

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14
Q

What is the Nervous structure and function?

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves & sensory receptors

Detects sensations, controls movements, physiological processes & intellectual functions

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15
Q

What is the Endocrine structure and function?

A

Glands (like pituitary) that secrete hormones

Influences metabolism, growth, reproduction & many other functions

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16
Q

What is the Cardiovascular structure and function?

A

Heart, blood vessels & blood

Transports nutrients, waste products, gases & hormones throughout the body

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17
Q

What is the Lymphatic structure and function?

A

Lymph vessels, lymph nodes, etc
Removes foreign substances from the blood & lymph, combats diseases, maintains tissue fluid balance & absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract

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18
Q

What is the Respiratory structure and function?

A

Lungs & respiratory passages

Exchanges oxygen/ carbon dioxide between the blood/ air & regulates blood pH

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19
Q

What is the Digestive structure and function?

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines & accessory organs

Performs the mechanical/ chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients & elimination of wastes

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20
Q

What is the Urinary structure and function?

A

Kidneys, urinary bladder & ducts that carry urine

Removes waste products from the blood , regulates blood pH & ion/water balance,

21
Q

What is the Female Reproductive structure and function?

A

Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands & dissociated structures
Produces oocytes, site of fertilization/fetal development, produces milk for the newborn & produces hormones that influence sexual function/ behaviors,

22
Q

What is the Male Reproductive structure and function?

A

Testes, accessory structures, ducts & penis

Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female

23
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in the environment

24
Q

What two systems play a large role in maintaining homeostasis?

A

The Nervous & Endocrine System

25
Q

What are the Nervous & Endocrine Systems known as?

A

The Communication Systems

26
Q

What are variables?

A

Factors that can change (blood sugar, body temp, blood volume, etc)

27
Q

What three components do homeostatic control involve?

A

Receptor
Control Center
Effector

28
Q

What is a Receptor (Sensor) (Nerve Ending)

A

Monitors environment

Responds to stimulus & sends info to control center (afferent pathway)

29
Q

What is the Control Center?

A

Establishes the set point at which the variable is to be maintained
Processes the info coming from the receptor & coordinates response of the effector ( efferent pathways)

30
Q

What is the Effector?

A

It receives output from the control center
Can change the value of the variable (response)
responsible for either reducing the stimulus (negative feedback) or enhancing stimulus (positive feedback)

31
Q

Which feedback is most used in the body?

A

Negative Feedback

32
Q

What is a Negative Feedback? & Examples

A

A response that reduces or shuts off original stimulus
Variable changes in opposite direction of its initial change
Regulation of body temp (Nervous)
Regulation of blood glucose (Endocrine)

33
Q

What is a Positive Feedback?

A

A response that enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus
May exhibit a cascade or amplifying effect as feedback causes variable to continue in the same direction as initial change
Usually controls infrequent events that do not require continuous adjustment
Enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin
Platelet plug formation & blood clotting

34
Q

What is a body cavitiy?

A

Internal cavities that are closed to the environment

Provide different degrees of protection to organs within them

35
Q

What 3 cavities does the trunk contain?

A

Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic

36
Q

What is the thoracic cavity?

A 
Contains two pleural cavities
each surrounds one lung
mediastinum
subdivides thoracic cavity
contains pericardial cavity
surrounds other thoracic organs, such as esophagus, trachea, etc
37
Q

What does the Pericardial cavity enclose?

A

The heart

38
Q

What is the Abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen and liver

39
Q

What is the Pelvic Cavity?

A

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs & rectum
separated from thoracic cavity by diaphragm (dome- shaped muscle)
divided intro 4 quadrants or 9 regions

40
Q

What are the 9 regions that the body cavities are divided into?

A 
Umbilical
Epigastric
Hypogastric (Pubic)
Right & Left Iliac (Inguinal)
Right & Left lumbar
Right & Left Hypochondriac
41
Q

What are Serous Membranes?

A

Covers organs & line body cavities closed to the exterior of the body
Occur in parts separated by a cavity full of fluid

42
Q

What are the three serous membranes separated by fluid?

A

Parietal membrane
Visceral membrane
Cavity between membrane

43
Q

What is the Parietal membrane?

A

Outer layer of enveloping sac; lines walls of cavity occupied by enveloped organ

44
Q

What is the Visceral membrane?

A

Inner layer of enveloping sac; covers the organ itself

45
Q

What is the Cavity between membranes?

A

Full of lubricating serous fluid produced by the membranes

46
Q

What are the Serous membranes names associated with?

A

The cavities and organs they are associated with

47
Q

What is the Pericardium serous membrane?

A

Around the heart & lining the pericardial cavity

48
Q

What is the Pleura serous membrane?

A

Around the lungs & lining the thoracic cavity

49
Q

What is the Peritoneum?

A

Lining abdominopelvic cavity & covering its organs

Anatomy & Physiology I (2 decks)

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