Chapter 1 Questions

Question 1

What is comparative approach?

Answer 1

Comparing the functions of two different species with one another in order to gain more insight about that function.

Question 2

What are between group subjects?

Answer 2

When a different group of subjects are tested in each condition

Question 3

What are within group subjects?

Answer 3

When the same group is tested under each condition

Question 4

What are quasi-experimental studies?

Answer 4

Studies subjects that have been exposed to real world (i.e. Instead of imposing a condition on a group of people which is unethical, you basically find a group of people who already have that condition and then follow them)

Question 5

What is the point of a case study? What is a downfall of case studies?

Answer 5

Case studies focus on a single subject or incident.

The downfall for it is generalization which is basically the degree of that case study relating to other cases

Question 6

What is the difference between pure and applied research?

Answer 6

Pure research is done for personal curiosity

Applied research is done so it provides a common good to the people

Question 7

What is the difference between psychophysiology and physiological psychology?

Answer 7

Physiological psychology is using surgical and electrical manipulations on animals to see behaviour produced in the brain. Psychophysiology is less intrusive and studies the relationship between PHYSIOLOGY and the brain, by using EEG’s, eye movements, …etc…

Question 8

What falls into comparative psychology?

Answer 8

Evolutionary psychology and genetics. Deals with biology of behavior rather than neural mechanisms

Question 9

What is neuropsychology?

Answer 9

Studying the effects of brain damage on human patients. Focuses on cerebral cortex mainly.

Question 10

What is afferent? And why is sensory systems afferent?

Answer 10

Afferent neurons are the neurons that take information to the CNS aka. Sensory neurons

Question 11

What are efferent neurons? Why are motor neurons afferent?

Answer 11

Afferent neurons are ones that carry signals FROM CNS to the skeletal muscles and organs… Motor neurons are an example of that

Question 12

Which regions does the sympathetic nervous system project to?

Answer 12

Projects from the CNS (motor) in the lumbar and thorasic regions of spinal cord

Question 13

What regions does the parasympathetic nerves project to?

Answer 13

Parasympathetic nerves project from the BRAIN and SACRAL (lower back region of spinal cord)

Question 14

What are the three layers of meninges?

Answer 14

1. Dura (outer)
2. Archanoid membrane (composted of subachanoid mater which is composed of cerebral spinal fluid)
3. Pia (inner)

Question 15

What structure is thought to produce cerebral spinal fluid?

Answer 15

• choroid plexuses

Question 16

What causes hydrocephalus?

Answer 16

A tumor near the cerebral aqueduct

Question 17

What was the first neuroanatomical technique? And what did it do?

Answer 17

Golgi stain –> stained each neuron black a d made it possible to see individual neurons

Question 18

What is the difference between anterograde tracing and retrograde tracing?

Answer 18

Anterrograde tracing involves tracing parts of an axon going AWAY from cell bodies

Retrograde tracing involves tracing axon going TOWARDS cell body (projecting towards an area)

Question 19

What type of neurons are dorsal root axons?

Answer 19

They are sensory (afferent) unipolar neurons

Question 20

What type of neurons are ventral root neurons?

Answer 20

They are motor (efferent) multipolar neurons

Question 21

What are 6 other disciplines of neuroscience?

Answer 21

1. Neuroanatomy
2. Neurochemistry
3. Neuroendocrinology
4. Neuropathology
5. Neuropharmacology
6. Neurophysiology

Question 22

What is the primary symptom for Korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 22

• severe memory loss due to drinking. however, mainly due to brain damage associated with thymine (B1) deficiency

Question 23

What is scientific inference?

Answer 23

Using what you can observe to guide you in making predictions about what you can’t observe

Question 24

What are converging operations?

Answer 24

Using the relative strengths and weaknesses of methods of biopsychology in conjunction to study a complicated aspect of the brain, (basically utilizing two or more different types of biopsychology methods)

Question 25

What ins antidromic conduction?

Answer 25

When an electrical stimulation is created at the axon and travels to cell body

Question 26

What is orthodromic conduction?

Answer 26

When axonal conduction starts at the cell body/dendrites and moves to axon terminal