Chapter 1 Questions Flashcards
What is comparative approach?
Comparing the functions of two different species with one another in order to gain more insight about that function.
What are between group subjects?
When a different group of subjects are tested in each condition
What are within group subjects?
When the same group is tested under each condition
What are quasi-experimental studies?
Studies subjects that have been exposed to real world (i.e. Instead of imposing a condition on a group of people which is unethical, you basically find a group of people who already have that condition and then follow them)
What is the point of a case study? What is a downfall of case studies?
Case studies focus on a single subject or incident.
The downfall for it is generalization which is basically the degree of that case study relating to other cases
What is the difference between pure and applied research?
Pure research is done for personal curiosity
Applied research is done so it provides a common good to the people
What is the difference between psychophysiology and physiological psychology?
Physiological psychology is using surgical and electrical manipulations on animals to see behaviour produced in the brain. Psychophysiology is less intrusive and studies the relationship between PHYSIOLOGY and the brain, by using EEG’s, eye movements, …etc…
What falls into comparative psychology?
Evolutionary psychology and genetics. Deals with biology of behavior rather than neural mechanisms
What is neuropsychology?
Studying the effects of brain damage on human patients. Focuses on cerebral cortex mainly.
What is afferent? And why is sensory systems afferent?
Afferent neurons are the neurons that take information to the CNS aka. Sensory neurons
What are efferent neurons? Why are motor neurons afferent?
Afferent neurons are ones that carry signals FROM CNS to the skeletal muscles and organs… Motor neurons are an example of that
Which regions does the sympathetic nervous system project to?
Projects from the CNS (motor) in the lumbar and thorasic regions of spinal cord
What regions does the parasympathetic nerves project to?
Parasympathetic nerves project from the BRAIN and SACRAL (lower back region of spinal cord)
What are the three layers of meninges?
- Dura (outer)
- Archanoid membrane (composted of subachanoid mater which is composed of cerebral spinal fluid)
- Pia (inner)
What structure is thought to produce cerebral spinal fluid?
- choroid plexuses
What causes hydrocephalus?
A tumor near the cerebral aqueduct
What was the first neuroanatomical technique? And what did it do?
Golgi stain –> stained each neuron black a d made it possible to see individual neurons
What is the difference between anterograde tracing and retrograde tracing?
Anterrograde tracing involves tracing parts of an axon going AWAY from cell bodies
Retrograde tracing involves tracing axon going TOWARDS cell body (projecting towards an area)
What type of neurons are dorsal root axons?
They are sensory (afferent) unipolar neurons
What type of neurons are ventral root neurons?
They are motor (efferent) multipolar neurons
What are 6 other disciplines of neuroscience?
- Neuroanatomy
- Neurochemistry
- Neuroendocrinology
- Neuropathology
- Neuropharmacology
- Neurophysiology
What is the primary symptom for Korsakoff syndrome?
- severe memory loss due to drinking. however, mainly due to brain damage associated with thymine (B1) deficiency
What is scientific inference?
Using what you can observe to guide you in making predictions about what you can’t observe
What are converging operations?
Using the relative strengths and weaknesses of methods of biopsychology in conjunction to study a complicated aspect of the brain, (basically utilizing two or more different types of biopsychology methods)
