Chapter 1 ppt

Question 1

What is psychological dysfunction?

Answer 1

A breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning

Question 2

What is personal distress?

Answer 2

A non-culturally expected response, whose definition depends on the person’s background and culture

Question 3

What is a scientist-practitioner?

Answer 3

Those who are both producers and consumers of research, and utilize empirical methods

Question 4

What does the supernatural tradition say about deviant behavior?

Answer 4

It says it’s a battle of good versus evil, and refers to it as demonic possession, witchcraft, sorcery, etc. Treatments included: exorcism, torture/beatings, crude surgeries, and leeches.

Question 5

Where does the term lunacy come from?

Answer 5

The moon

Question 6

True or false: major psychological disorders have existed in all cultures and across all time periods, but treatments vary widely across cultures and time

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What does the Galenic-Hippocratic Tradition say?

Answer 7

That mental illness equals physical illness; that if you are experiencing psychological problems, it’s because you have imbalanced fluids (humors) in your body.

Question 8

Define diathesis stress theory

Answer 8

the theory that mental and physical disorders develop from a genetic or biological predisposition for that illness (diathesis) combined with stressful conditions that play a precipitating or facilitating role.

Question 9

What was one of Freud’s ideas that’s less well-known?

Answer 9

Coming up with the idea that talking to people can help them (therapy)

Question 10

What did Freud think cocaine is a cure for?

Answer 10

Asthma, concentration problems, eating disorders, aphrodisiac, and morphine addiction

Question 11

What is the freudian structure of the mind?

Answer 11

Id, ego, and superego

Question 12

Define ‘id’ in the freudian structure of the mind

Answer 12

In psychoanalysis, the unconscious psychic entity present at birth representing basic drives.

Question 13

Define ‘ego’ in the freudian structure of the mind

Answer 13

In psychoanalysis, the psychic entity responsible for finding realistic and practical ways to satisfy id drives

Question 14

Define ‘superego’ in the freudian structure of the mind

Answer 14

In psychoanalysis, the psychic entity representing the internalized moral standards of parents and society

Question 15

What are some examples of defense mechanisms?

Answer 15

Repression, sublimation, displacement, denial, rationalization, projection, and reaction formation

Question 16

Who came up with the idea of a hierarchy of needs?

Answer 16

Abraham Maslow

Question 17

What did Abraham Maslow contribute to the idea of ‘needs’?

Answer 17

He came up with the hierarchy of needs

Question 18

What are the 5 sections of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs from top to bottom?

Answer 18

Self-actualization (maximizing one’s potential), Esteem (respect), Belongingness and love (acceptance, affection), Safety (nurturance, money), and Physiological (food, water, air)

Question 19

What do defense mechanisms do?

Answer 19

They help you cope with guilt or anxiety

Question 20

True or false: finding the “real problem” is one of the main ideas of therapy

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or false: therapy is usually long-term

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What are two therapy techniques used by Freud?

Answer 22

Free association and dream analysis

Question 23

What are transference and counter-transference problems?

Answer 23

When patients begin talking to their therapist like they’re a family member and vice-versa

Question 24

What are the problems with Freud’s approach?

Answer 24

His concepts were rather abstract, and there is little evidence for the efficacy of his treatments and ideas

Question 25

True or false: most of Freud’s ideas are regarded today as unscientific

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Who was a founder of humanistic psychology?

Answer 26

Carl Rogers

Question 27

What was one of the main tools used in Carl Rogers’ therapy sessions?

Answer 27

Unconditional positive regard (the therapist reacts to the patient positively but doesn’t give firm advice/ tell the patient what to do)

Question 28

Is classical conditioning a behaviorist or humanist idea?

Answer 28

Behaviorist

Question 29

Who came up with the idea of systematic desensitization?

Answer 29

Joseph Wolpe

Question 30

Give two examples of behaviorists

Answer 30

Pavlov and Watson

Question 31

What is behaviorism?

Answer 31

The idea that all human behavior is just a reaction to external stimuli

Question 32

What is “black box therapy”?

Answer 32

When you slowly desensitize yourself or a patient to a phobia (ex: first imagine a spider, then look at a picture of a spider, then watch a video, etc) to decondition their body’s fear response