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Dysphasia > Chapter 1 powerpoints > Flashcards

Chapter 1 powerpoints Flashcards

1
Q

Dysphagia– What is it, and who can it effect?

A

Its difficulty swallowing (moving the bolus from the mouth to the stomach)
Can effect anyone at any age

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2
Q

How many, and list the etiologies– and some examples

A

4 (with 6 examples):

  1. infection
  2. structural malformations
  3. surgery (ex: thyroid/RLN/Cervical)
  4. Conditions that weaken or damage muscles/nerves (ex: CVA/PD/TBI)
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3
Q

What are the consequences of dysphagia (how many)?

A

4:

  1. Dehydration
  2. Malnutrition
  3. Aspiration pneumonia
  4. Quality of life
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4
Q

What are the types of dysphagia? How many types are there?

A

4:

  1. Oral
  2. Pharyngeal
  3. Oropharyngeal
  4. Esophageal
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5
Q

What is effected during oral dysphagia? How many things?

A

4:

  1. Tongue movement
  2. Lip Closure
  3. Pocketing
  4. Transport
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6
Q

What is effected during Pharyngeal dysphagia? How many?

A

4:

  1. Airway closure
  2. Residues
  3. Motility
  4. UES
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7
Q

What is effected during Esophageal dysphagia?

A

6:

  1. Motility
  2. LES
  3. Fistula
  4. Diverticulum
  5. HCI - reflux
  6. Ulcer
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8
Q

How many stages of swalling are there, list them

A

3:

  1. Oral prep/oral
  2. Pharyngeal
  3. esophageal
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9
Q

How long does one swallow aprox. take? Break up the time by stages!

A

Aprox 11 secs (unless extensive oral prep is nessisary)

  • Oral Prep/Oral stage = varied
  • pharyngeal (~1 sec)
  • esophageal (~10 secs)
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10
Q

How many things occur during oral prep/oral stage? List

A

3:

  1. Mastication
  2. bolus formation
  3. Oral transit (move bolus from oral cavity to the pharynx
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11
Q

How many and what actions occur during the pharyngeal stage?

A

3:

  1. Epiglottis inverts covering the laryngeal vesitbule
  2. Larynx and hyoid and pulled anterior and superior
  3. Bolus is propelled through the pharynx to the esophagus by action of the pharyngeal constrictors
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12
Q

Why is the hyoid (and larynx) lifted and pulled forward?

A

when this happens it opens the pharynx, relaxes the UES and helps the VFs to close the glottis

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13
Q

How is the bolus transported to the LES?

A

Peristaltic constractions (like squeezing a tube) of striated and smooth muscle along the esophageal wall

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14
Q

What happens when the bolus is transported to the LES?

A

This constrictor relaxes, allowing bolus to enter the stomach

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15
Q

How many, and what are the signs and symptoms of Oral and Pharygneal dysphagia?

A

13:

  1. Coughing/choking while swallowing
  2. difficulty initiation of swallow
  3. Food sticks to the throat
  4. Sialorrhea/xerostomia
  5. Drooling/spillage
  6. Unexplained weightloss
  7. Change in dietary habits
  8. Penetration
  9. Aspiration
  10. Recurrent pneumonia
  11. change in voice/speech (wet)
  12. Nasal regurgitation
  13. Wet/gurgly voice
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16
Q

What are (and how many) signs and symptoms are there for esophageal dysphagia?

A 
6:
1. Sensation of food sticking in the chest/throat
2. Oral or pharyngeal regurgitation
3 Change in dietary habits
4 recurrent pneumonia
5 Reflux
6 Aspiration
17
Q

T/F There are never any signs or symptoms of silent aspiration

A

Falso! Sometimes you will see teaing or runny nose

18
Q

Define Feeding

A

Placement of food in the mouth before initiation of swallow

19
Q

What stage does feeding fall under?

A

Oral Prep Stage

20
Q

What physiolgic reactions occurs during the oral stage?

A

Salivation during presentation of food

21
Q

Define swallowing

A

Transfer of food/drink from mouth to stomach

22
Q

How many stages are there of swallowing?

A

3-
oral
pharyngeal
Esophageal

23
Q

How long does a bedside take?

A

10-15 min

24
Q

What does a bedside consist of?

A

5 things:

  1. medical hx
  2. Level of alertness
  3. Px interview
  4. Oral motor exam
  5. Assess swallow with a SMALL bolus
25
Q

What are you looking for (and how many things) during a bedside?

A 
9:
1. spillage
2 oral residue
3 long transit time
4 cough
5 throat clear
6 gurgly voice
7 tearing
8 Runny nose
9 Wrong sound with a stethoscope
26
Q

What is the bedside limited in?

A

Assessing a and p

27
Q

T/F you usually do a bedside after a BSS

A

Falso! its a prediagnostic

28
Q

Purpose of a dx is to:

A

Identify symptoms to explain abnormalities in anatomy or physiology causing dysphagia (the etiology)

29
Q

What are you looking for in a Dx– Define the things you are looking for

A 
Physiology: 8 factors
1 Timing
2 tongue base motion
3 epiglottic dysfunction
4 laryngeal excursion
5 UES dysfunction
6 peristalsis
7 Paralysis
8 sensitivity
***ALso the immediate effects of Txs!!!!***
30
Q

What types (and how many) imigaing tools do we use during a Dx?

A 
5
-Fees/Feesst 
Videofluoroscopy
ultrasound
Videoendoscopy
scintigraphy
31
Q

What are some non imaging tools we can use to dx swallowing (how many)?

A 
4
EMG
EGG
Acousitic *accelerometer or stethoscope
pharyngeal manometery

Dysphasia (12 decks)

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