Chapter 1- Population Dynamics Flashcards
What do some people fear will happen to the world?
It will become overpopulated
In the 1960’s, population in most counties was rising. But in the 1970’s it began to fall. Why?
People in MEDC’s had less children than were required to keep the population stable
What large countries have a falling population?
Sweden
Italy
Japan
What is birth rate?
The amount of babies born per 1000 people every year
What is death rate?
The number of deaths per 1000 people every year
What is natural increase?
The number of people added to or lost from the population per 1000 every year- the difference between birth rate and death rate
How is natural increase calculated?
(Birth rate - death rate) x100
Positive number- population is increasing
Negative number- population is declining
More-or-less equal- population is saying the same
(Note: natural increase is normally a percentage)
Why do birth and death rates vary from place to place?
The development of a country
The religious views i.e. contraception
The view of the government
Where is the:
1) Population increasing
2) Population balanced
3) Population decreasing
1) Africa, Middle East, South America, South Asia
2) North America, Europe
3) Russia, Central and Eastern Europe
In what type of countries is high levels of population increase common?
Developing LEDC’s with low to middle income
In what type of countries is low levels of population increase, balanced population and even population decline common?
Developed MEDC’S with high income
Why does population increase?
People have more than 2 childen-babove replacement rate
People are poorly educated- no contraception
LEDC families need farm workers- children
Religion- Muslins can have more than 1 wife to have children
Why does population decrease?
Women put work before having children- children come later in life
Birth rate less than replacement level
Why is the population falling in Japan?
People are living longer due to good heathcare and diet
Birth rate is declining- age to have first child is increasing
Marriages has fallen
Why is Mexico’s population rising?
Low death rate due to good health care so less infant mortality
Less deaths, more births
What does their falling population mean for Japan?
Pensions cost more
Public have to contribute to elderly heath care
What does a rising population mean for Mexico?
Late youth means more schools needed
High unemployment so high migration to USA
Increase in manufacture
Abortions legal- despite Catholic country
What is a pro-natalist policy?
Incentives, such as money, to have children
What’s an anti-natalist policy?
A policy with the aim to stop people having children
What is an example of an anti-natalist policy and its features
China-one child policy
1979 Mau Tae Tung limited children to one per family, with strict punishments if not followed
What affects on China did the one child policy have?
Prevented 300 million births
Lack of females due to male children beig preferred- male children could care for parents in later life
What is an example of a pro-natalist policy?
Sweden introduced incentives to have children:
13 months paternal leave at 80% income
Money if children are less than 30 months apart
€900 per child per year
All school, healthcare etc. free
What is migration?
Moving to another country seeking work and a better lifestyle
What are the advantages of immigration?
Add to the economy
Fill low paid, low skilled jobs
Migrants are likely to start businesses and employ more people
Contribute to taxes
What are the disadvantage of immigration?
Wages go down
Health and welfare struggle
Immigrants often don’t interact with society
Scrounge benefits
