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perspective in pharmacy > chapter 1: pharmacy and it's history > Flashcards

chapter 1: pharmacy and it's history Flashcards

1
Q

pharmakon

A

drug

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2
Q

greek word of pharmacy

A

pharmakon

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3
Q

health profession that links the health science with the chemical science

A

pharmacy

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4
Q

a druggist or pharmacist

A

apothecary

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5
Q

includes roles such as compounding and dispensing medication and services related to patient care

A

pharmacy

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6
Q

a healthcare provider who performs pharmacy related functions ; works under the supervision of a pharmacist

A

pharmacy technician

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7
Q

4 primary discipline of pharmacy

A
  • pharmaceutics
  • medicinal chem and pharmacognosy
  • pharmacy practice
  • pharmacology
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8
Q

study of drugs

A

pharmacology

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9
Q

the 2 symbols most commonly associated wit pharmacy care

A

mortar and pestle
rx

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10
Q

meaning of A used in germany

A

apotheke

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11
Q

pharmacy era

A
  • apothecary and compounding
  • pharma care
  • manufacturing
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12
Q

charm or used to drive out evil

A

pharmakon

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13
Q

1st apothecary

A

priest craft

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14
Q

god of healing art or god of medicine

A

ascelpius

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15
Q

he delegated to hygieia the duty of compounding his remedies

A

ascelpius

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16
Q

ascelpius’ apothecary

A

hygieia

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17
Q

the physician-priests of egypt are divided into 2

A
  • those who visited the sick
  • those who remained in the temple and prepared remedies for the patients
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18
Q

ancient men learned from _________

A

instinct

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19
Q

jewel of ancient mesopotamia

A

babylon

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20
Q

the earliest known record of practice

A

art of the apothecary

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21
Q

practitioners of healing

A

priest, pharma and physician

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22
Q

how they record medical texts on clay tablets

A
  1. the symptoms of illness
  2. the prescription and directions for compounding
  3. an invocation to the gods
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23
Q

chinese pharma stems from ______

A

shen nung

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24
Q

emperor who sought out medicinal value of several hundred herbs

A

shen nung

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25
Q

what did shen nung write

A

pen t-sao

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26
Q

native herbal recording of 365 drugs

A

t-sao

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27
Q

attest to the use of medicinal plants in pre-history

A

paleopharmacological studies

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28
Q

ancients egyptian pharma knowledge was recorded in _____ and ____

A

ebers papyrus and edwin smith papyrus

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29
Q

a collection of 800 prescriptions, mentioning 700 drugs

A

papyrus ebers

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30
Q

pharma was conducted by 2 echelons

A
  1. gatherers and preparers of fabrication
  2. chiefs of fabrication or headof pharmacists
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31
Q

where did the gatherers, preparers and chief of fabrication

A

house of life

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32
Q

when was papyrus ebers made

A

16th century

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33
Q

to whom was papyrus ebers named after

A

george ebers

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34
Q

what are the contents of papyrus ebers

A

800 formulas and 700 drugs

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35
Q

father of botany

A

theophrastus

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36
Q

king of pontus

A

mithridates

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37
Q

who made the art of poisoning

A

mithridates

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38
Q

what did mithridates use to test poison and antidotes

A

himself and the prisoners

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39
Q

pan-antidotal powers

A

mithridatum

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40
Q

an early trademakred drug. this is a clay tablet originating on the mediterranean island of lemnos

A

terra sigillata

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41
Q

sealed earth

A

terra sigillata

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42
Q

father of pharmacognosy

A

pedanios dioscorides

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43
Q

materia medica

A

dioscorides

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44
Q

recorded what he observed, promulgated excellent rules for collection of drugs, their storage and use

A

dioscorides

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45
Q

pharmaceuticals compounded by mechanical means

A

galenicals

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46
Q

experimenter in drug compounding

A

caludius galen

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47
Q

the originator of the formula for a cold cream

A

galen

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48
Q

pharmacy’s patron saints

A

damien and cosmas

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49
Q

father of medicine

A

hippocrates

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50
Q

galenicals

A

claudius galen

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51
Q

separation of pharma and med

A

1240ad under emperor frederick II

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52
Q

paracelsus

A

Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von
Hohenheim

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53
Q

chemistry was incorporated in the world of drugs; distillation

A

Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von
Hohenheim

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54
Q

During the Middle Ages remnants of the Western knowledge of Pharmacy and Medicine were preserved in_____

A

monasteries

55
Q

The ______ gathered herbs and simples in the field,

A

monks

56
Q

the first privately owned drug stores (the first apothecary)

A

Bagdad late

57
Q

The ____ separated the arts of apothecary and physician, establishing in Bagdad late

A

arabs

58
Q

the persian galen

A

avicenna

59
Q

called avicenna by the western worl

A

ibn sina

60
Q

LaCOAT

A

karl wilhel scheele

61
Q

isolation of morphine from opium

A

Friedrich Serturner

62
Q

isolation of quinine and cinchonine

A

Joseph Caventou and Joseph Pelletier

63
Q

Pelletier and Robiquet isolated ______

A

caffeine

64
Q

robiquest isolated ______

A

codeine

65
Q

Paclitaxel ( Taxol ) came from

A

from pacific yew tree

66
Q

scientific name of pasific yew tree

A

taxus bacata

67
Q

book about drugs, chemicals

A

pharmacopeia

68
Q

meaning of poiein

A

make

69
Q

first pharmacopeia

A

lititz pharmacopeia

70
Q

USP/NF

A

United States Pharmacopeia – National Formulary

71
Q

proposed to have national pharmacopeia

A

Dr. Lymann Spalding

72
Q

father of USP

A

Dr. Lymann Spalding

73
Q

the first official pharmacopoeia

A

Nuovo Receptario

74
Q

where did nuovo receptario originated

A

florence

75
Q

when was nuovo receptario published

A

1498

76
Q

the first organization of pharmacists in the Anglo-Saxon world.

A

Master, Wardens and Society of the Art and Mystery of the Apothecaries of the City of London

77
Q

looked after the health of the pioneers

A

Louis Hébert

78
Q

at the waterfront, he examined specimens of drug plants offered by Micmac Indian

A

Louis Hébert

79
Q

first governor of massachusetts bay colony and founder of boston

A

John Winthrop

80
Q

he made available the ‘art and mystery’ of the apothecary for his citizens

A

John Winthrop

81
Q

the governor who healed the sick

A

John Winthrop

82
Q

he earned the title of ‘the fighting quaker’

A

christopher marshall

83
Q

leading retail store, nucleus of large-scale chemical manufacturing; a “practical” training school for pharmacists; an important supply depot during the Revolution

A

christopher marshall’s apothecaru in philadelphia

84
Q

America’s first woman pharmacist.

A

elizabeth, chritopher amrshall’s granddaughter

85
Q

1st hospital pharmacist

A

jonathan roberts

86
Q

the first hospital in colonial america was established in ________

A

philidelphia in 1751

87
Q

he advocated prescription writing and championed independent practice of two professions.

A

john morgan

88
Q

paved the way for isolating organic plant acids

A

carl wilhelm scheele

89
Q

he discovered oxygen, chlorine, prussic acid, tartaric acid, tungsten, molybdenum, glycerin, nitroglycerin, and countless other organic compounds

A

carl wilhelm scheele

90
Q

first man to hold the rank of a commissioned pharmaceutical officer (bostonian apothecary)

A

andrew craige

91
Q

1st appointed commissary of medical stores by massachusetts’ committee of safety, april 30, 1775

A

andrew craige

92
Q

his job included procurement, storage, manufacture and distribution of army’s drug requirements

A

andrew craige

93
Q

first of the alkaloid chemists

A

serturner

94
Q

he gave the world’s opium’s chief narcotic principle, morphine

A

serturner

95
Q

he recognized and proved the importance of a new class of organic substance: alkaloids

A

serturner

96
Q

where did serturner experimented

A

einbeck

97
Q

isolated emetine from ipecacuanha in 1817

A

pierre-joseph pelletier, jospeh-bienaime caventou

98
Q

they tackled the problem that had baffled scientists for decades - wresting the secrets of the Peruvian barks that were so useful against malaria

A

pierre-joseph pelletier, jospeh-bienaime caventou

99
Q

announced the methods for separation of quinine and cinchonine from the cinchona barks; prepared pure salts, had them tested clinically, and set up manufacturing facilities.

A

pierre-joseph pelletier, jospeh-bienaime caventou

100
Q

“Philippine Pharmacy Act”

A

R.A. 10918

101
Q

the experts on drug therapy and are the primary health professionals who optimize medication

A

pharmacist

102
Q

who took a pivotal step in keeping the two professions separate

A

Benjamin Franklin

103
Q

reinforced by a law enacted by the city council of Bruges in 1683

A

forbidding physicians to prepare medications for their patients

104
Q

antibiotic era

A

20th century

105
Q

who discovered penicillin

A

alexander fleming

106
Q

antibiotic discoveries came rapidly in the _____

A

1940’s

107
Q

how many pharmacists signed the Constitution of the first pharmaceutical association in the United States

A

68

108
Q

American Pharmacy’s first educational institution opened when?

A

november 9 1821

109
Q

Faced with two major threats; ___________and a _____________, the pharmacists of Philadelphia held a tempestuous protest meeting in _____________, February 23, 1821.

A
  1. deterioration of the practice of pharmacy
  2. discrimination in the med field
  3. carpenter’s hall
110
Q

First U.S. industry in medicinal herbs

A

Shakers

111
Q

The Shakers gathered or cultivated some ______varieties; dried, chopped, and pressed them into “bricks”; wrapped, labeled, and sold them to pharmacists and physicians world- wide

A

200

112
Q

the twenty delegates launched_______________; mapped its objectives; and opened membership to “All pharmaceutists and druggists”

A

The American Pharmaceutical Association

113
Q

first President of The American Pharmaceutical Association

A

Daniel B. Smith

114
Q

first secretary of The American Pharmaceutical Association

A

William Procter, Jr

115
Q

The european and american pharmacy met for the first time, at the _______________ in Paris, France, August 21 to 24, 1867,

A

Second International Congress of Pharmacy

116
Q

THE FATHER OF AMERICAN PHARMACY

A

William Procter, Jr.,

117
Q

pharmacy course at the University of Michigan in 186

A

Dr. Albert B. Prescott

118
Q

The first “United States Pharmacopoeia

A

1820

119
Q

Committee on Revision” chairmanned by

A

charles rice

120
Q

Sent by Parke, Davis & Company in 1884 to Peru for supplies of coca leaves

A

Henry Hurd Rusby

121
Q

Henry Hurd Rusby returned with _____ botanical specimens. Among them were many new drug plants, including cocillana bark,

A

45,000

122
Q

Stanislas Limousin contribution

A

introduced medicine dropper, system of coloring poisons and wafer cachets

123
Q

development and perfection of apparatus for the inhalation and therapeutic administration of oxygen; and invention of glass ampoules

A

Stanislas Limousin

124
Q

alkaloidal assay

A

Dr. Albert Brown Lyons

125
Q

“Liquor Ergotae Purificatus” in 1879

A

Parke, Davis & Company

126
Q

effectiveness of diphtheria antitoxin

A

Behring and Roux

127
Q

treatment of syphilis

A

Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau

128
Q

recognized antihistaminic properties.

A

Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau

129
Q

paved the way for the life-saving sulfonamide compounds

A

Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau

130
Q

His work led other investigators to broad fields of chemotherapeutic research

A

Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau

131
Q

the chemical synthesis of ________ in 1883 that gave impetus and inspiration for intensive search for therapeutically useful compounds.

A

antipyrine

132
Q

Research in ___________ came into its own in the late 1930’s and early 1940’s

A

pharmacy

133
Q

Pharmaceutical _________ developed first in germany

A

manufacturing

perspective in pharmacy (3 decks)

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