Chapter 1 - Pharma Intro Flashcards
Agonist
Drug that binds to a receptor and activates a physiologic response or drug action.
Adverse Effect
Undesirable and potentially harmful drug effect
Antagonist
Drug that binds to a receptor and interferes with other drugs or substances from producing a drug effect
Chemical Name
Name that defines the chemical composition of a drug
Contraindications
Situations or conditions when a certain drug should not be administered
Controlled Substance
Drug that has the potential for abuse and this is regulated by law.
Dose
A measurement of the amount of drug that is administered
Drug
Chemical substance raft produces a change in body function
Drug indications
Intended or indicated uses for any drug
ED50
Effective dose 50, or dose that will produce an effect that is 1/2 the maximal response.
Generic Name
Nonproprietary name of a drug
LD50
Lethal dose 50, or dose that will kill 50% of the laboratory animals tested
Mechanism of action
Explanation of how a drug produces it’s effects
Nonprescription OTC
A drug that can be purchased without the services of a physician
Pharmacology
Study of drugs
Potency
Measure if the strength, or concentration, of a drug required to produce a specific effect
Prescription Drug
Drug for which dispensing requires a written or phone order that can only be issued by or under direction of a licensed physician
Receptor
Specific cellular structure that a drug binds to and that produces a physiologic effect
Side Effect
Drug effect other than the theme realistic effect that is usually undesirable but not harmful
Site of Action
Ovation within the body where a drug excerpts its therapeutic effect often a specific drug receptor
Therapeutic effect
Desired effect to alleviate some condition or symptom of disease
Therapeutic Index (TI)
Ration of LD50 to the ED50 in animal studies
Toxic Effect
Undesirable drug effect that implies drug poising, can be very harmful or life-threatening
Trade Name
Patented proprietary name of a drug sold by a specific drug manufacturer also referred to at the brand name.
Pharmacodynamics
Study of the action of drugs on living tissue
Pharmacokinetics
Study of the processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Pharmacotherapeutics
Study of the use of drugs in treating disease
Pharmacy
Science of preparing and dispensing medicines
Posology
Study of the amount of drug that is required to produce therapeutic effects
Toxicology
Study of the harmful effects of drugs on living Tissues
Onset of Action
The time from drug administration to the first observable effect
Termination of Action
When the plasma drug concentration falls below the therapeutic range.
Time-plasma Drug Concentration Curve
Used for predicting the frequency with which a drug must be administered in order to maintain an effective drug response.
Includes: Onset of Action, Duration of Action, and Termination of Action
Ranges: Toxic Drug Range, Therapeutic Drug Range, Ineffective Drug Range
Schedule I
Drugs with high abuse potential and no accepted medical use.
Herion, hallucinogens, MJ, these are not to be prescribed.
Schedule II
Drugs with high abuse potential and accepted medical use.
Narcotice (morphine and pure codeine), coke, anphetamines, short-acting barbiturates, nabilone; no refills w/o new prescription
Schedule III
Drugs with moderate abuse potential and accepted medical use
Moderate & Intermerdiated acting barbiturates, dronabinol, anabolic steroids, preparations containing codeine plus another drug; prescription required may be refilled 5 times in 6 months with authorization
Schedule IV
Drugs with low abuse potential and accepted medical use
Phenobarbital, chloral hydrate, Zolpidem (ambien), antianxiety drugs (valium, librium); prescription required, may be refilled 5 times in 6 months with authorization
Schedule V
Druges with limited abuse potential and accepted medical use.
Narcotic drugs used in limited quants for antitussive (codeine) and antidiarrheal purposes; drugs can be sold by a pharmacist; buyer must be 18 yrs. Some States require prescription.
1938 Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act
Set standards for drug safety. Enacted after 40 patients died from taking an antibiotic that contained dithylene glycol as a solvent.
1906 Federal Pure Food and Drug Act
First real drug laws that required drugs to have a minimal standard of strength and purity.
Amended in 1912 to include regulations for labeling and false claims of effectiveness.
1962 Amendment to the 1938 Act
Required pharmacological and toxicological research testing in several animal species before a drug could be tested in humans. This act is enforced by the FDA.
1970 (Amended in 1990) Federal Comprehensive drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
The “Controlled Substances Act”. This Act is enforced by the DEA.
Teratogens
Drugs that produce birth defects
Carcinogen
Drugs that promote the growth of Cancerous tumors
Idiosyncrasy
An individual reaction to a drug with an unusual or unexpected response
