Chapter 1: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing Flashcards
The etiology component of the nursing diagnosis describes the:
a. Projected changes in an individual’s health status, clinical conditions, or behavior
b. Individual’s responses to health pattern deficits in the child, family, or community
c. Cluster of cues and/or defining characteristics that are derived from patient assessment and indicate actual health problems
d. Physiologic, situational, and maturational factors that cause the problem or influence its development
d. Physiologic, situational, and maturational factors that cause the problem or influence its development
The etiology component of the nursing diagnosis, the second component of the nursing diagnosis, describes the physiologic, situational, and maturational factors that cause the problem or influence its development. Projected changes in an individual’s health status, clinical conditions, or behavior are the outcomes or goals that are established. An individual’s responses to health pattern deficits in the child, family, or community is the definition of the problem statement, the first component of the nursing diagnosis. The cluster of cues and/or defining characteristics that are derived from patient assessment and indicate actual health problems is the third part of the nursing diagnosis, the signs and symptoms.
With regard to the nutritional well-being, at what age should the nurse instruct the parents that lifelong learning habits have been fostered?
a. By 1 year of age
b. When the child enters kindergarten
c. At 6 months of age when solid food introduction takes place
d. By age 3
d. By age 3
Lifelong eating habits are typically in place by 3 years of age. It is important for both the parents, nurse and health care provider to be cognizant of this fact in order to prevent possible eating disorders and/or food aversions.
Bright Futures program provides initiatives that focus on health promotion of child by focusing on: (Select all that apply).
a. Encouraging use of community resources
b. Focus on after school activities as a source of engagement
c. Promotion of healthy eating habits
d. Limitations on introduction of health and sexuality teaching so as to assure parental support
e. Providing a safe environment
f. Providing mental health services as needed
a. Encouraging use of community resources
c. Promotion of healthy eating habits
e. Providing a safe environment
f. Providing mental health services as needed
Bright Futures focuses on promoting community resources, nutritional/healthy eating habits, focusing on a safe environment to avoid injury and providing mental health services as needed. After school activities are not a part of the available services and health and sexuality teaching is an offered service, not a restricted service.
Which nursing intervention would be most effective in decreasing mortality from unintentional injury?
a. Teaching children the dangers of contact sports
b. Encouraging potential parents to obtain genetic counseling
c. Educating parents-caretakers about the benefits of immunization
d. Teaching parents-caretakers about proper use of vehicle restraint seats
d. Teaching parents-caretakers about proper use of vehicle restraint seats
The most common cause of death for the age group 1-19 years is unintentional injuries such as motor vehicle accidents, drowning, and firearms. Teaching the dangers of contact sports will not decrease mortality from unintentional injuries such as motor vehicle accidents. Genetic counseling does not decrease mortality from unintentional injuries. Immunization education is not most effective.
A child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of possible meningitis. Which information is the most important to ask at the time of admission?
a. “Are there any pets in the household?”
b. “Is anyone else in the household ill?”
c. “Are the immunizations up to date?”
d. “Has the child had a recent injury?”
c. “Are the immunizations up to date?”
Immunizations are one of two public health interventions that have had the greatest impact on world health, with clean public drinking water being the other. Nurses should review individual immunization records at every clinical visit and/or hospitalization. In addition, nurses are responsible for keeping current in changes in immunization schedules, recommendations, and research related to childhood vaccines.
The role of the pediatric nurse is influenced by trends in health care. Which is an influential trend in pediatric health care?
a. Primary focus on treatment of disease or disability
b. Shift to focus to maintenance of health and illness prevention
c. National health care planning on a distributive or episodic basis
d. Accountability to professional codes and international standards
b. Shift to focus to maintenance of health and illness prevention
Maintenance of health and illness prevention is the current focus of health care in which nursing plays a major role. Traditionally, the primary focus on treatment of disease or disability is the role of the physician. National health care planning on a distributive or episodic basis is not a major trend. Accountability to professional codes and international standards is an established responsibility, not a trend.
A nurse is preparing an educational workshop on atraumatic care in pediatric patient care. The most appropriate nursing intervention to include in the workshop is to:
a. Prepare the child that their parents will not be able to stay during the hospitalization by watching a video
b. Help the child to accept the pain associated with any treatments, procedures, or surgery
c. Tell the child that the loss of control and privacy in the hospital is temporary
d. Provide the child with play activities for expression of fear and aggression
d. Provide the child with play activities for expression of fear and aggression
Allowing the child to play activities for the expression of fear and aggression are principles of atraumatic care. Atraumatic care is to prevent or minimize the child’s separation from the family. Minimizing or preventing bodily injury and pain are principles of atraumatic care. Promoting a sense of control and privacy are components of atraumatic care.
The nurse is providing education to a group of parents at a health fair in a local kindergarten school. The nurse describes the most common cause of death for children age 5 to 9 years is:
a. Inappropriate use of bike helmets and seat belts
b. Childhood immunizations
c. Lack of hand washing in the prevention of communicable diseases
d. The obesity epidemic
a. Inappropriate use of bike helmets and seat belts
The most common cause of death in children age 5 to 9 years is accidents. Education on safety is important to help prevent accidental deaths. Accidents are the most common cause of death for children age 5 to 9 years, not childhood immunizations or obesity. Hand washing helps to prevent communicable diseases.
A nurse has been working with a family who has 2 children, ages 5 and 7 years of age, to provide health teaching related to healthy nutritional patterns. Which observation if noted would indicate that additional instruction should be given related to health teaching in this area?
a. The children demonstrate application of skills by identifying healthy food snacks
b. The parents are able to identify which foods are poor examples of “healthy food snacks”
c. In response to the family’s identification of healthy food snacks, the nurse provides limited feedback since the answers are correct
d. The nurse provides an interactive learning environment using age appropriate learning strategies
c. In response to the family’s identification of healthy food snacks, the nurse provides limited feedback since the answers are correct
The nurse, in the role of health teaching, should provide generous feedback and evaluation responses in order to facilitate the learning environment. Parents and children who can successfully identify and apply information provides evidence of effective teaching. Use of age appropriate learning strategies is a critical part of health teaching.
The nursing process is a method of problem identification and problem-solving that describes what the nurse actually does. The five-step nursing process model includes:
a. Planning
b. Diagnosis
c. Evaluation
d. Assessment
e. Identification
f. Implementation
a. Planning
b. Diagnosis
c. Evaluation
d. Assessment
f. Implementation
The accepted nursing process model is assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Identification is important, but it is not a step in the nursing process
Nurses play an important role in current issues and trends in health care. Which is a current trend in pediatric nursing and health care today?
a. The patient is the unit of care for the health care provider
b. Discharge planning begins when the physician writes the order
c. Health promotion resources enable children to achieve their full potential
d. The focus of pediatric health care is trending toward acute hospital care
c. Health promotion resources enable children to achieve their full potential
Health promotion provides opportunities to reduce differences in current health status among members of different groups and provides a better chance to achieve the fullest health potential. The patient and family is the unit of care for the health care provider. Discharge planning begins when the patient is admitted. The focus of pediatric health care is trending away from acute hospital settings.
The nurse in considering ethical dilemmas that may affect delivery of care with regard to pediatric patients, must consider that the patient’s well-being is of paramount importance. This concept is best described by:
a. Fairness
b. Applying equity
c. Beneficence
d. Prevention of harm
c. Beneficence
Beneficence is the moral principle of promotion of a patient’s well-being. Fairness is the application of justice. Providing equity relates to the equality of provided services. Prevention of harm is defined by the ethical principle of maleficence.
The nurse demonstrates understanding of family-centered care by:
a. Encouraging family visitation
b. Assuming total care for the child
c. Limiting visitation to three time periods per day
d. Expecting the child to perform self-care in activities of daily living
a. Encouraging family visitation
Family-centered care recognizes the family as the constant in a child’s life and visitation supports this philosophy in addition to developing trusting relationships with families. Family-centered care does not assume total care for the child. Limiting visitation is the exact opposite of family-centered care. Family-centered care involves more than expectations for the child.
Arrange in sequential order the steps of the nursing process in relationship to evidenced based practice (EBP).
a. Collecting research based on the question of interest
b. Integrating evidence with clinical expertise to implement care
c. Development of the research question
d. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the care plan
e. Development of the care plan
C A E B D
EBP process can be correlated with the nursing process to incorporate critical thinking and clinical judgment. During assessment and diagnosis phases, the research question is developed as research is collected to support the query of interest. Development of the care plan is then established as research evidence is integrated with clinical expertise in the implementation phase. Parsley, the overall effectiveness of the care plan is examined during the evaluation phase.
When considering the most common cause of death for children greater than 1 year of age, which represents the most likely cause of death?
a. Homicide
b. Unintentional injuries
c. Violent death
d. Congenital diseases
b. Unintentional injuries
The most common cause of death for children over 1 years of age is unintentional injuries. Homicide and violent deaths do occur, but are not the most common cause. Congenital disease can contribute to morbidity and mortality, but is not the most common cause of death in children over 1 year of age.
