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AQA History CONFLICT AND TENSION > Chapter 1 ; Peace making > Flashcards

Chapter 1 ; Peace making Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the armistice signed?

A

11th November 1918

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2
Q

Who signed the armistice?

A

Matthias Erzberger

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3
Q

Who did Matthias Erzberger sign the Armistice on behalf of?

A

the Weimar Republic

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4
Q

What did the armistice agree to?

A

stop fighting and end war

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5
Q

Where did Germany have to remove troops from in order to end war?

A

foreign land

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6
Q

Which foreign lands did Germany remove troops from for the end of the war?

A

Alsace-Lorraine
Belgium
Luxembourg
Austria
Turkey

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7
Q

Which foreign lands did Germany have to give back in order for the end of the war?

A

Alsace-Lorraine

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8
Q

What did Germany have to hand over to the Allies for the war to end?

A
  • navy
  • artillery
  • aeroplanes
  • trains
  • trucks
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9
Q

Why did Germany hand over navy, aeroplanes etc?

A

to remove germany as a military threat

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10
Q

Who did Germany have to release for the war to end?

A

all allied prisoners

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11
Q

What did Germany have to allow in order for the war to end?

A

allow allied troops to occupy Rhineland

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12
Q

What did Germany have to give up in order for the war to end?

A

give up payments agreed by Russia when they admitted defeat

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13
Q

What did Germany have to accept about Britain?

A

Britain would act as a naval blockade

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14
Q

Why did Britain act as a naval blockade to Germany following the armistice signing?

A

prevent food and supplies reaching Germany

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15
Q

What did Germany have to accept about the armistice?

A

Germany would be blamed
reparations paid

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16
Q

How did the Allies react to the signing of the Armistice?

A

celebrated

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17
Q

How did Germany react to the signing of the Armistice?

A

divided and faced Civil war

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18
Q

Why were Germans so angry at the Armistice?

A

victory seemed close in Spring 1918

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19
Q

Who was George Clemenceau?

A

Prime Minister of France

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20
Q

Which part of France had been occupied and damaged by German troops during the war?

A

north eastern France

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21
Q

What happened as a result of damage to the North East of France?

A

damage to agriculture and industry

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22
Q

How many French soldiers were killed in WW1?

A

1 in 8

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23
Q

How many French soldiers were wounded in WW1?

A

over half

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24
Q

What did Clemenceau want?

A

revenge
punishment of Germans

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25
Q

Was Germany punished to Clemenceau’s desire?

A

not enough

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26
Q

What did Clemenceau want Germany to do?

A

pay for the war

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27
Q

Were the reparations satisfactory for Clemenceau?

A

no - he wanted the Saar coalfields permanently

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28
Q

How long was France given the Saar coalfields for?

A

15 years

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29
Q

What did Clemenceau want to happen to Germany’s army?

A

disbanded completely

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30
Q

Was Clemenceau satisfied with the return of Alsace-Lorraine?

A

yes!

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31
Q

What did Clemenceau want to happen to the Rhineland?

A

a new country to act as a buffer

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32
Q

Was Clemenceau satisfied with the demilitarisation of the Rhineland?

A

he wanted it to be a new country

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33
Q

What concerned Clemenceau in the East?

A

communist threat

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34
Q

Were Germany able to combat a Communist evolution after the war?

A

yes - Clemenceau satisfied

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35
Q

How did French people feel about the armistice?

A

too lenient

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36
Q

What did the French people want to happen to Germans?

A

suffer like the French had done

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37
Q

What happened to Clemenceau in the next election in France?

A

he was voted out

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38
Q

List some famous phrases by the British about Germany

A

‘hang the kaiser’
‘make germany pay’
‘squeeze germany like a lemon until the pips squeak’

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39
Q

Who was David Lloyd George?

A

Prime Minister of Britain

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40
Q

How did Lloyd George want Germany to be punished?

A

not so much that it should cause another war

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41
Q

How did Lloyd George want Germany to be as a trading partner?

A

a strong trading partner

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42
Q

Why did Germany never become a trading partner of Britian?

A

crippled by war and reparations

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43
Q

What did Lloyd George want Britain to recieve?

A

indemnities

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44
Q

What were the indemnities use to pay?

A

pensions of British war veterans

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45
Q

What did Lloyd George want to happen to the empire?

A

expand

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46
Q

How did Britain benefit from the ToV in terms of the empire?

A

gained German and Turkish colonies

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47
Q

Where did Britain gain German colonies?

A

Africa

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48
Q

How did Britain gain Turkish colonies?

A

from League of Nations mandates

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49
Q

Where did Britain gain Turkish colonies?

A

Middle East

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50
Q

What did Lloyd George want to maintain after the ToV?

A

control of the seas

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51
Q

How did Britain maintain control of the seas?

A

German navy was handed over

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52
Q

What concerned Lloyd George in the East?

A

communist threat

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53
Q

What did Lloyd George want from the ToV?

A

justice

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54
Q

Who felt a sense of injustice surrounding the ToV?

A

Germans, also some British

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55
Q

How did British people feel about the ToV?

A

fair - could be harsher

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56
Q

How did the British feel about Lloyd George?

A

heroic

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57
Q

How did British people feel as the years went by?

A

too harsh

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58
Q

Who was Woodrow Wilson?

A

President of the United of the States

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59
Q

When did the United States join the war?

A

1917

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60
Q

What did Woodrow Wilson have to achieve in ToV?

A

not be dragged into European wars in the future

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61
Q

How did Americans feel about the ToV?

A

too harsh

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62
Q

What did many Americans turn to following the war?

A

isolationism

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63
Q

What did the Senate refuse to approve?

A

ToV

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64
Q

What did the USA fail to do?

A

join the League of Nations

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65
Q

Who did Wilson want to demilitarise?

A

everyone

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66
Q

Who was made to demilitarise in the ToV?

A

Germany

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67
Q

Who did not have to demilitarise after WW1?

A

victorious allies

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68
Q

What did Wilson want to come to an end with WW1?

A

empires

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69
Q

Why did Wilson empires to end with WW1?

A

serbs wanted bosnia free from austria in 1914 - caused war

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70
Q

What did Wilson prefer to empires?

A

self determination

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71
Q

What happened to the empires of Britain and France?

A

got even bigger

72
Q

Which nations adopted self determination?

A

new eastern European nations

73
Q

Why did Wilson want the LoN to be created?

A

avoid wars through negotiation and collective security

74
Q

What did Wilson want with the peace?

A

peace without victors - no cause for revenge

75
Q

What is the element of Wilson’s fourteen points surrounding arms?

A

reduction in arms and ban on secret treaties

76
Q

What is the element of Wilson’s fourteen points surrounding colonies?

A

countries cannot claim colonies without consulting each other and locals

77
Q

What is the element of Wilson’s fourteen points surrounding self determination?

A

self determination for countries previously in Austro-Hungarian empire

78
Q

What is the element of Wilson’s fourteen points surrounding Belguim?

A

independence for Belgium

79
Q

What is the element of Wilson’s fourteen points surrounding France?

A

France to regain Alsace Lorraine

80
Q

What is the element of Wilson’s fourteen points surrounding Poland?

A

Poland to have access to the sea and be independent

81
Q

What is the element of Wilson’s fourteen points surrounding LoN?

A

LoN to be set up to settle disputes

82
Q

How many men were allowed in Germany’s army following the ToV?

A

100,000 men in army

83
Q

How many battleships were allowed in Germany’s army following the ToV?

A

6 battleships

84
Q

How many submarines were Germany allowed following the ToV?

A

no submarines

85
Q

What was disbanded in Germany’s military completely?

A

air force and conscription

86
Q

Why did Germany hate the term surrounding their armed forces?

A
  • weakened Germany
  • had been source of national pride
87
Q

Why did the terms surrounding their military weaken Germany?

A

open to constant threat and invasion

88
Q

Why did the terms surrounding their military humiliate them?

A

had been national pride in Prussia

89
Q

What happened when Rhineland was demilitarised?

A

no German troops allowed to enter area

90
Q

How did the demilitarisation of the Rhineland effect Germany?

A

left vulnerable to attack from France
-> invaded in 1923

91
Q

Which nation received Alsace Lorraine back from Germany?

A

France

92
Q

What was created following the ToV?

A

Polish Corridor

93
Q

Why did Germany dislike the lost land and colonies?

A
  • colonies were source of income and pride
  • lost resources like coal in Saar
94
Q

What was the guilt clause of the ToV called?

A

Article 231

95
Q

What did Article 231 blame on Germany?

A

outbreak of WW1

96
Q

Why did Germany hate the Article 231?

A

hoped to be treated as an equal but got the oppostie

97
Q

What was forbidden following ToV?

A

Anschluss

98
Q

Why did the Germans hate that Anschluss had been forbidden?

A

some German speakers were denied self determination

99
Q

What was Germany banned from joining?

A

the League of Nations

100
Q

Why did Germany hate being banned from joining the LoN?

A

sense of exclusion

101
Q

What was the diktat?

A

had no say in the treaty

102
Q

Why did the Germans hate the diktat?

A

given terms of treaty without any say

103
Q

How much did Germany have to pay in reparations?

A

£6.6 billion

104
Q

When was the final figure of reparations released?

A

1921

105
Q

How did the release of the figure in 1921 affect Germans?

A

two sets of punishment

106
Q

How did the reparations effect Germans?

A

crippled the economy
led to invasion of Ruhr and humiliation

107
Q

Which country received North Schelswig?

A

Denmark

108
Q

Which country received West Prussia?

A

Poland

109
Q

Which country received the rich farmland of Posen?

A

Poland

110
Q

What happened to the city of the Danzig?

A

free city run by League of Nations

111
Q

Which country received Silisea?

A

Czechoslovakia

112
Q

Which country received Eupen and Malmedy?

A

Belgium

113
Q

How much land did Germany lose after ToV?

A

13%

114
Q

How much of population did Germany lose after ToV?

A

6 million
1/8 of population

115
Q

What did the war guilt clause cause?

A

outrage

116
Q

Why were the government frustrated?

A

fourteen points had not been basis for settlement

117
Q

What myth began following the ToV?

A

stab in the back
betrayal of socialists and Jews

118
Q

What did the German government initially react to the ToV?

A

would not sign it

119
Q

What did German naval commanders do in response to the ToV?

A

scuttled their own battle ships rather than permanently hand them over

120
Q

Where did German naval commanders scuttle their own ships?

A

British Scapa Flow Base

121
Q

When did Germany fall behind with reparations?

A

1922

122
Q

What happened as a result of Germany falling behind with reparations?

A

French and Belgian troops entered Rhineland and Ruhr to take materials

123
Q

What did the German government in response to the invasion of the Ruhr?

A

workers to go on strike to prevent French and Belgian troops taking anything

124
Q

How did the French and Belgian troops respond to the strike?

A

100 workers killed
100,000 protestors expelled

125
Q

What happened as a result of the invasion of the Ruhr?

A

hyperinflation and political instability

126
Q

What happened to the Austro-Hungarian empire as a result of the Paris Peace Conference?

A

split into new countries

127
Q

How did the creation of new states cause problems with negotiating?

A

many countries eager to receive reparations - rushed decision making

128
Q

How did the creation of new states cause problems with self determination?

A

new states contained people from different ethnic backgrounds, some unhappy in new country

129
Q

Define self determination

A

right of a country to form its own government without interference

130
Q

When did Czechoslovakia declare independence?

A

1918

131
Q

What empire had Czechoslovakia been apart of?

A

Austo-Hungarian empire

132
Q

What kind of state was Czechoslovakia?

A

democratic

133
Q

How did Czechoslovakia suceed?

A

inherited Austria’s industry - built strong economy

134
Q

Why were the tensions in Czechoslovakia?

A

fifth of population were German speaking in Sudetenland - resented being part Czechoslovakia

135
Q

How much of Czechoslovakia’s population was German speaking?

A

1/5

136
Q

Where did the German speakers live in Czechoslovakia?

A

Sudetenland

137
Q

What formed Yugoslavia?

A

many different ethnic groups

138
Q

Why did the Allies create Poland?

A

buffer between Germany and USSR

139
Q

What land did Poland receive?

A

Polish corridor

140
Q

What did the Polish corridor give Poland?

A

access to the sea

141
Q

How did the Polish corridor weaken Germany?

A

split it in two

142
Q

Who populated the Polish corridor?

A

mainly German speakers

143
Q

How did the German speakers feel about living in the Polish corridor?

A

hated it

144
Q

Why was the Polish corridor vulnerable?

A

USSR to east
Germany to west

145
Q

How did the USSR feel about the Polish corridor?

A

disputed the border

146
Q

How did Germany feel about the Polish corridor?

A

resented the loss of land

147
Q

Which Treaty happened in Austria?

A

Treaty of St Germain

148
Q

Where was the Treaty of St Germain signed?

A

Austria

149
Q

When was the Treaty of St Germain signed?

A

1919

150
Q

Which Treaty happened in Hungary?

A

Treaty of Trianon

151
Q

Where was the Treaty of Trianon signed?

A

Hungary

152
Q

When was the Treaty of Trianon signed?

A

1920

153
Q

Which Treaty happened in Bulgaria?

A

Treaty of Neuilly

154
Q

Where was the Treaty of Neuilly signed?

A

Bulgaria

155
Q

When was the Treaty of Neuilly signed?

A

1919

156
Q

Which Treaty happened in Turkey?

A

Treaty if Sevres

157
Q

Where was the Treaty of Sevres signed?

A

Turkey

158
Q

When was the Treaty of Sevres signed?

A

1920

159
Q

Which Treaty happened in Switzerland?

A

Treaty of Lausanne

160
Q

Where was the Treaty of Lausanne signed?

A

Switzerland

161
Q

When was the Treaty of Lausanne signed?

A

1923

162
Q

Why was the War Guilt Clause unfair?

A

cause for war was not Germany’s fault

163
Q

What was a real cause to WW1?

A

The Arms Race

164
Q

Why was the armistice a diktat?

A

Germans believed it would be based off Wilson’s 14 points - it was not, they were not allowed to negotiate

165
Q

Why were the new states unfair?

A

6 million Germans displaced in hostile countries - Germany reclaim land in WW2

166
Q

Why were the new countries created unfair?

A

grouped together people who did not want to share a country

167
Q

What unrest was caused as a result of the new countries made at the Paris Peace Conference?

A

Yugoslavia civil war
Czechoslovakia split in 2

168
Q

When did Yugoslavia collapse into civil war?

A

1991

169
Q

When did Czechoslovakia split in 2?

A

1993

170
Q

What did the Treaty of Sevres cause?

A

revolt

171
Q

How did the revolt affect the Treaty of Sevres?

A

overturned

172
Q

How was the settlement fair in terms of agreement?

A

Germany agreed to several terms of the treaty

173
Q

How was the settlement fair in terms of reparations?

A

Germany agreed to pay
only paid a fraction

174
Q

How was the settlement fair in terms of Germany’s recovery?

A

economically stable to start a 2nd war within 20 years

175
Q

What did the Treaty of Brest-Litvosk show?

A

if the allies had been defeated - they would have been treated badly be Germans

176
Q

What did the Treaty of Brest-Litvosk show?

A

took a over a quarter of people and agricultural land

AQA History CONFLICT AND TENSION (3 decks)

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