Chapter 1-Pathogens as Parasites

Question 1

What is a parasitic relationship?

Answer 1

Pathogen and a host

Question 2

What are viruses?

Answer 2

The genetic material in a capsid

Question 3

What don’t prokaryotes have?

Answer 3

A distinct nucleus

Question 4

What form is the genetic material in a prokaryote in?

Answer 4

DNA in the form of a single chromosome

Question 5

Can transcription and translation be done simultaneously in a prokaryote?

Answer 5

YES!

Question 6

Where is the genetic material in a eukaryote?

Answer 6

In the nucleus in several chromosomes

Question 7

Do transcription and translation happen at the same time in a eukaryote?

Answer 7

NO!

Question 8

Do prokaryotes have a cell membrane?

Answer 8

NO

Question 9

Do prokaryotes have a cell wall?

Answer 9

YES

Question 10

What is the outer layer of gram negative bacteria?

Answer 10

lipopolysaccharide layer

Question 11

What is the outer layer of gram positive bacteria?

Answer 11

peptidoglycan

Question 12

What is the function of cell walls for eukaryotic cells?

Answer 12

Protect against host immune system

Question 13

What is a microparasite?

Answer 13

Viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungus

Question 14

How do microparasites replicate?

Answer 14

Within the host. They can multiply and infect at an overwhelming rate

Question 15

What is a macroparasite?

Answer 15

Worms and arthropods

Question 16

How do macroparasites replicate and what does it depend on?

Answer 16

They do not replicate in the host. Their rate of infection depends on the number of organisms in the body.

Question 17

What do pathogens require from the host?

Answer 17

A supply of metabolic materials

Question 18

Where must viruses live?

Answer 18

Within the host cell

Question 19

Where do intracellular microparasites (minus viruses) get their metabolic requirements from?

Answer 19

Directly from the cell

Question 20

Where do extacellular organisms get their nutrients from?

Answer 20

From tissue fluids or by feeding directly on the host

Question 21

Are pathogens protected within cells from the host’s defense mechanisms?

Answer 21

Yes!

Question 22

Where can some pathogens live?

Answer 22

In the cells responsible for the hosts immune system

Question 23

What does intracellular life help the pathogen with?

Answer 23

Supply to the host’s nutrient supply and escape from the host’s detection and defenses.

Question 24

Can an organism be intracellular at all time?

Answer 24

NO

Question 25

T or F, when a pathogen is extracellular, it is an opportunity to control infection

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Can extracellular pathogens grow and reproduce freely and move within tissues of the body?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

What are infectious diseases caused by?

Answer 27

Viruses, prions, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, worms, arthropods

Question 28

What is important to identify what species of pathogens are infecting the body?

Answer 28

Correct identification and sequencing major pathogens to identify what species

Question 29

How do we classify bacteria?

Answer 29

By genius and species noting their individual properties

Question 30

How do we classify viruses?

Answer 30

Groupings based on DNA or RNA, symmetry, presence or absence of external envelope

Question 31

What is a problem for classification?

Answer 31

Mutations

Question 32

Where is the external envelope derived from?

Answer 32

The host cell membrane

Question 33

What types of shapes of bacteria are there?

Answer 33

Cocci, bacilli, spirilla

Question 34

What types of shapes of viruses are there?

Answer 34

Helical, icosahedral, and complex structures