Chapter 1-Pathogens as Parasites Flashcards
What is a parasitic relationship?
Pathogen and a host
What are viruses?
The genetic material in a capsid
What don’t prokaryotes have?
A distinct nucleus
What form is the genetic material in a prokaryote in?
DNA in the form of a single chromosome
Can transcription and translation be done simultaneously in a prokaryote?
YES!
Where is the genetic material in a eukaryote?
In the nucleus in several chromosomes
Do transcription and translation happen at the same time in a eukaryote?
NO!
Do prokaryotes have a cell membrane?
NO
Do prokaryotes have a cell wall?
YES
What is the outer layer of gram negative bacteria?
lipopolysaccharide layer
What is the outer layer of gram positive bacteria?
peptidoglycan
What is the function of cell walls for eukaryotic cells?
Protect against host immune system
What is a microparasite?
Viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungus
How do microparasites replicate?
Within the host. They can multiply and infect at an overwhelming rate
What is a macroparasite?
Worms and arthropods
How do macroparasites replicate and what does it depend on?
They do not replicate in the host. Their rate of infection depends on the number of organisms in the body.
What do pathogens require from the host?
A supply of metabolic materials
Where must viruses live?
Within the host cell
Where do intracellular microparasites (minus viruses) get their metabolic requirements from?
Directly from the cell
Where do extacellular organisms get their nutrients from?
From tissue fluids or by feeding directly on the host
Are pathogens protected within cells from the host’s defense mechanisms?
Yes!
Where can some pathogens live?
In the cells responsible for the hosts immune system
What does intracellular life help the pathogen with?
Supply to the host’s nutrient supply and escape from the host’s detection and defenses.
Can an organism be intracellular at all time?
NO
T or F, when a pathogen is extracellular, it is an opportunity to control infection
True
Can extracellular pathogens grow and reproduce freely and move within tissues of the body?
Yes
What are infectious diseases caused by?
Viruses, prions, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, worms, arthropods
What is important to identify what species of pathogens are infecting the body?
Correct identification and sequencing major pathogens to identify what species
How do we classify bacteria?
By genius and species noting their individual properties
How do we classify viruses?
Groupings based on DNA or RNA, symmetry, presence or absence of external envelope
What is a problem for classification?
Mutations
Where is the external envelope derived from?
The host cell membrane
What types of shapes of bacteria are there?
Cocci, bacilli, spirilla
What types of shapes of viruses are there?
Helical, icosahedral, and complex structures
