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Micobiology > Appendix: Pathogen Parade > Flashcards

Appendix: Pathogen Parade Flashcards

1
Q

Does adenovirus have an envelope?

A

no

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2
Q

What shape is adenovirus?

A

icosahedral

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3
Q

How do adenoviruses replicate?

A
  1. attachment
  2. endocytosis
  3. uncoating
  4. viral DNA is transcribed within the nucleus
  5. Particles assembled in the nucleus and released from the damaged cell
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4
Q

Transmission of adenovirus

A

resp. droplets, faces, sometimes eye to eye via contaminated hands, towels, or eye drops

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4
Q

What diseases does adenovirus cause?

A

pharyngoconjunctival fever, epidemics of acute resp. disease, intestinal illness, hepatitis, haemorrhagiccystitis

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of adenovirus

A

They infect the epithelium of the resp. tract and eyes, and intestine. Spread to involve lymphoid tissues

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6
Q

Where can adenovirus spread?

A

Adenoids and tonsils

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7
Q

What immune defense does adenovirus block the action of?

A

Interferon and Tc cells

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8
Q

Laboratory identification of adenovirus

A

Virus isolation by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy and antibody detection in serum

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9
Q

Treatment and prevention of adenovirus

A

Ribavirin and cidofovir and live oral vaccine for the military

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10
Q

What are the 3 main staplococus?

A

Staph aureus, Staph epidermidis, Staph saprophyticus

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11
Q

What is gram-positive coccus and cells are in clusters?

A

Staph aureus

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12
Q

What is the laboratory identification of staph aureus?

A

white or golden colonies on blood agar

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13
Q

What diseases are associated with staph aureus?

A

Boils, skin sepsis, post-op wound infections, scalded skin, catheter-associated infection, food-borne infection, endocarditis, TSS, osteomyelitis, pneumonia

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14
Q

Transmission of staph aureus?

A

Human skin, especially nose and perineum. Spread is by contact and airborne routes

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15
Q

Epidemiological analysis of staph aureus?

A

Whole genome sequencing

16
Q

What virus is present in all strains of mucopeptide and coagulase?

A

Staph Aureus

17
Q

What is present in some strains of staph aureus?

A

Protein A, fibronectin-binding protein, collagen binding-proteins, enterotoxins, epidermolytic toxin, TSS toxin, membrane damaging toxins

18
Q

Treatment and prevention of staph aureus?

A

antibiotics; beta-lactamase-stable penicillins. Antibiotic resistance is a large problem. Isolation and treatment of carries. no vaccine

19
Q

Characteristics of candida albicans

A

Dimorphic fungus that occurs as a yeast on mucosal surfaces. Infects in stressed, suppressed, and antibiotic treated individuals

20
Q

Lab identification for candida albicans

A

Fungal stages in tissues and culture of DA.

21
Q

Diseases of Candida albicans

A

Candidiasis and thrush

22
Q

Transmission of Candida albicans

A

Part of normal flora of skin, mouth, and intestine

23
Q

Transmission of candida albicans

A

Localized in mucocutaneous lesions and invasion of all major organs in the disseminated condition

24
Q

Treatment and prevention of candida albicans

A

Topical and oral anti-fungals.

25
Q

Characteristics of Giardia intestinalias

A

Intestinal flagellate that lives on the mucosa of the small bowel

26
Q

Lab identification of Giardia intestinalias

A

Detected in fixed stained smears. Cysts in feces seen in faecal concentrates

27
Q

What disease does Giardia cause?

A

Giardiasis

28
Q

Transmission of Giardia

A

Fecal-oral. Swallowing cysts, usually in contaminated water

29
Q

Pathogenesis of Giardia

A

Large number of trophozoites can cause severe diarrhea and impaired absorption

30
Q

Treatment and prevention of Giardia?

A

Metronidazole, Tinidazole. Improved sanitation and water treatment

31
Q

Characteristics of Genus Taenia

A

Two species that infect humans. Large adult tapeworms in the intestine. Scolices with suckers. Small cysts in muscles, CNS, and eyes. Proglottids passed in Feces

32
Q

Lab identification of Genus Taenia

A

proglottids in feces and eggs in feces

33
Q

Diseases caused by Genus Taenia

A

Beep and Pork Tapeworms (taeniasis). Cysticercosis (larval stages in tissue)

34
Q

Transmission of Genus Taenia

A

Adult worms are acquired by eating raw or undercooked meat. Cysticercosis via ingestion of T.solium eggs in food contaminated with fecal matter

35
Q

Pathogenesis of Genus Taenia

A

Adults with worms are asymptomatic but in cysticercosis, cysts in brain can result in convulsions or neurological symptoms

36
Q

Treatment and Prevention of Genus Taenia

A

Niclosamide, praziquantel for intestinal worms. Albendazole plus praziquantel under steroid cover for cerebral cysticercosis. Adequate cooking of meat and hygiene

Micobiology (2 decks)

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