CHAPTER 1(P1)

Question 1

Definition of psychology

Answer 1

the scientific study of behavior & mental processes

Question 2

behavior

Answer 2

outward/overt actions & reactions

Question 3

mental processes

Answer 3

internal,covert activity of our minds

Question 4

Wilhelm Wundt( Father of Psychology)

Answer 4

believed consciousness could be broken down into thoughts,experiences,emotions & other basic elements

Question 5

Objective introspection

Answer 5

the process of objectively examining & measuring one’s own thoughts & mental activities

Question 6

Edward Titchener(brought structuralism to America)

Answer 6

focused on the structure of the mind: experiences could be broken down into emotions & sensations

Question 7

Margeret Washburn

Answer 7

first woman to earn a PHD in psychology

Question 8

William James(Functionalism)

Answer 8

• how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work & play
• influenced modern fields of educational & industrial/organizational psychology

Question 9

Gestalt
(cognitive psychology)

Answer 9

an organized whole

Question 10

Psychoanalysis

Answer 10

-patients suffered from nervous disorders with no apparent physical cause

Question 11

Concept of unconcious(unaware)

Answer 11

-we push or repress our threatening urges & desires
-believed repressed urges created nervous disorders

Question 12

Behaviorism(John B Watson)

Answer 12

• focuses on observable behavior only
  -based on Pavlov’s work,who demonstrated that a reflex could be conditioned or learned
  -believed phobias were learned

Question 13

Psychodynamic perspective

Answer 13

-focused on development of a sense of self & discovery of motivations behind a person’s behavior other than sexual motivations

Question 14

Behavioral Perspective(B.F Skinner)

Answer 14

-explains how voluntary behavior is learned
-introduces concept of reinforcement

Question 15

Humanistic Perspective(Maslow & Carl Rogers)

Answer 15

-people have free will: the freedom to choose their own destiny

-reaction to both psychoanalytic & behaviorism

Question 16

self-actualization

Answer 16

achieving one’s full potential/actual self

Question 17

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 17

Focuses on memory,intelligence,perception,thought processes,problem solving,language & learning

-Includes cognitive neuroscience:
study of the physical changes in the brain and nervous system during thinking

Question 18

Sociocultural Perspective

Answer 18

Focuses on relation between social behavior & culture

Question 19

Biophysical Perspective

Answer 19

Attributes human & animal behavior to biological events occurring in the body:
-genetics
-hormones
-activity of nervous system

Question 20

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 20

Focuses on biological bases of universal mental characteristics
-looks at how mind works and why it works as it does
-behavior seen as adaptive/survival value