Chapter 1: Orientation of Body Flashcards
In these flashcards, a learner should learn how to beef your mom, PUSSY
External body covering. Protects deeper tissue from injury, synthesizes vitamin D, sensory receptors (pain, pressure, etc.) Sweat and oil glands.
Includes hair and fingernails.
Body System: Integumantary
Protects and supports body organs. Framework for the muscles to conduct movement, muscles pull on them as they work. Blood cells formed within bones (bone cavities) Hard substance of bones acts as a storehouse for minerals
Body System: Skeletal
One function: contract. Skeletal muscles form most of it. Does not include the heart. Manipulation of environment: locomotion, facial expressions, posture, heat production
Body System: Muscular
Control system of body. Responds to external stimulation, (light, sound, changes in temp). Activated appropriate muscles and glands (via sensory receptors) send messages via electrical signals.
Body System: Nervous
Glands secrete hormones (which are molecules) Hormones - growth, reproduction, nutrient use by body cells (responsible for) Glands: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, thymus, pancreas, pineal, ovaries, testes
Body System: Endocrine
Blood vessels transport blood.Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, etc. Carries wastes like carbon dioxide from cells. Contains heart, which pumps blood. White blood cells in blood help protect body from viruses, bacteria, tumor cells
Body System: Cardiovascular
Compliment of cardiovascular, system for cleansing blood. Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphoid organs (spleen and tonsils) Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. Dispose of debris in lymphatic stream. Houses white blood cells for immunity
Body System: Lymphatic
Nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs (alveoli facilitates gas exchange with blood in lung walls) Blood supplied w oxygen, removes carbon d.Gas exchange occurs through the walls of the air sacs of lungs
Body System: Respiratory
One big tube, ends with small intestine. Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestines, rectum. Breaks down food into absorbable nutrients.
Accessory organs: Liver (produces bile to break down fats), Salivary glands, Pancreas (delivers digestive enzymes to small intestine) (endocrine and digestive function)
Body System: Digestive
Rids of nitrogen-containing wastes from body (ex: urea, uric acid): Acids come from when body breaks down proteins and nucleic acids (genetic info molecules) Regulates water, electrolytes, salt, acid base balance of the blood via kidneys. Helps regulate blood pressure.Flushing out wastes from the body via urine is its own system: excretory system. Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Body System: Urinary
Fluid that fills the spaces between cells. Composed of water, amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, coenzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, salts, and other cellular products. Nutrients and wastes pass between blood and cells via this fluid.
Interstitial fluid
Breaks down substances (digestion). Making larger structures from smaller ones. Nutrients and oxygen to produce molecules of adenosine triphosphate. Relies on digestive and respiratory systems to make nutrients and oxygen available to blood, and cardiovascular system to distribute the substances throughout body. Regulated by hormones.
Metabolism
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide depend on this. Metabolism stops if levels are too low.
Atmospheric pressure
Vertical cross section of body, splits into left and right side.
Median Plane (mid sagittal, or sagittal)
Horizontal cross section of body, splits into front and back.
Frontal (coronal) plane
Cross section of body, splits it into top and bottom
Transverse plane
(Body cavity). Includes cranial (protects brain) and spinal (spans from cranial to end of spinal cord)
Dorsal body cavity (posterior cavity)
(Body cavity) separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by diaphragm. Contains heart, lungs and others and protected by the rib cage.
Thoracic cavity (a subdivision or the Ventral body cavity)
(Body cavity) Midsection of thoracic cavity. Separates lungs into left and right cavities. Houses the heart and trachea.
Mediastinum (a division of the Thoracic cavity, which is a division of the Ventral cavity)
(Body cavity) Inferior to the diaphragm, often separated into abdominal and pelvic cavities. Abdominal contains stomach, liver, intestines, and others. Pelvic contains bladder and rectum, uterus.
Abdominopelvic cavity
(Body cavity) Eyes, presents them in an anterior position.
Orbital cavity
(Body cavity) medial to eardrums. Tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to hearing receptors in inner ears.
Middle ear body cavity.
Body’s ability to maintain internal balance while the environment changes around us. Primarily accomplished by nervous and endocrine systems in constant communication with various organs/structures.
Homeostasis
(Part of homeostatic control system) Monitors and responds to stimuli, sends information to control center.
Receptor
