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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Chapter 1 - Organization of the Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Organization of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

the study of structures which are visible to the unaided eye

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2
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

all the structures of a particular part of the body are studied together

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3
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

body structure is studied system by system

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4
Q

Cross Sectional Anatomy

A

Sliced into different sections/slides

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5
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

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6
Q

Developmental Anatomy

A

The study of the change in the body stuctures form conception to birth

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7
Q

Cytology

A

The study of cells and cell structure

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8
Q

Histology

A

The study of the tissue

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9
Q

Non-invasive techniques

A

Permit visualization without dissection. X-rays, tomography, MRIs, ultrasound, PET.

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10
Q

Physiology

A

the study of function

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11
Q

Responsiveness or excitability

A

Irritability; the ability to detect or respond to an external stimulus

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12
Q

Adaptability

A

the ability to alter a physiological operation, or a species to change over time.

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13
Q

Metabolism

A

executing a series of complex chemical reactoins on which some molecules are broken down while other are built

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14
Q

Growth

A

the ability to increase in size from the inside to the outside

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15
Q

Reproduction

A

the ability to make a copy, similar to the original. It is controlled by hormones.

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16
Q

Excretion

A

have to be able to eliminate body waste

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17
Q

Movement

A

promoted by the muscular system

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18
Q

Subatomic Organization

A

Particles make up all matter, such as protons, electrons, and neutrons

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19
Q

Atomic Organization

A

Combinations of subatomic particles from structures known as atoms.

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20
Q

Molecular

A

combinations of atoms held together by energy interactions known as chemical bonds

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21
Q

Organelle

A

Structures made up of combinations of complex organic compounds. Make us components of the cell

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22
Q

Cell

A

The combination of organelles and other molecules. Considered to be the basic unit of life.

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23
Q

Tissue

A

Combination of similar or related cells that work together to perform a common function. 4 basic types

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24
Q

Organs

A

Various combinations of the 4 types of tissues, at least 2 types form an organ

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25
Q

Organ System

A

organ combinations that work together to perform a common function

26
Q

Organism

A

A combination of all previous levels working together

27
Q

Homeostasis

A

the ability of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment in spite of a changing external environment

28
Q

Receptor

A

a sensor that monitors the variable. it provides the input to the control center

29
Q

Control center

A

determines the set point, the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained

30
Q

Effector

A

Responsible for carrying out the response for the control center

31
Q

Negative feedback

A

the output of a control system is fed back to the input of the system which it causes to move in the opposite direction of the output

32
Q

Positive feedback

A

part of the output feedback and increases the input. leads to exaggerated increases in output. it normally disrupts homeostasis where constancy is the goal

33
Q

Anatomical position

A

the body ius erect with feel slightly apart and palms face forward

34
Q

Axial

A

head, neck, and trunk

35
Q

Appendicular

A

upper and lower limbs

36
Q

Sagittal plane

A

divide left from right

37
Q

Frontal plane

A

divide front from back

38
Q

Transverse plane

A

cross section, top from bottom, inferior from superior

39
Q

Oblique

A

cross section cut out at an angle

40
Q

Dorsal Body Cavity

A

houses the central nervous system

41
Q

Cranial cavity

A

within the skill, houses the brain

42
Q

Vertebral cavity

A

houses the spinal cavity

43
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Upper; has the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea

44
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

lower, all other major organs

45
Q

Ventral Body Cavity

A

houses all the body organs

46
Q

Serous Membranes

A

cover the inner walls of the ventral cavity and the outer surface of an organ. Secrete fluid for lubrication called serous fluid which reduces friction

47
Q

Parietal Membrane

A

Lines the body cavity walls

48
Q

Visceral Membrane

A

Covers the outer surface of the organ

49
Q

9 regions

A

epigastric, right/left hypochondriac, umbilical, right/left lumbar, hypogastric, right/left iliac

50
Q

4 quadrants

A

right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower.

51
Q

Integumentary System

A

protects internal organs from drying out, bacterial infections, chemical substances, and physical factors

52
Q

Skeletal System

A

protects and supports the body organs

53
Q

Muscular System

A

Alloqs movement or locomotion

54
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Returns leaked fluid to the blood and have white blood cells

55
Q

Immune System

A

Protects against foreign substances

56
Q

Nervous System

A

Control system of the body

57
Q

Reproductive System

A

produces offspring

58
Q

Urinary System

A

Elimination of wastes, regulates water and electrolytes

59
Q

Endocrine System

A

Secretes hormones, controls metabolism

60
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Blood vessels, heart. Responsible for transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients.

61
Q

Digestive System

A

Breaks down food for cell usage

62
Q

Respiratory System

A

Supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (10 decks)

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