Chapter 1 - Organization of the Body

Question 1

Gross Anatomy

Answer 1

the study of structures which are visible to the unaided eye

Question 2

Regional Anatomy

Answer 2

all the structures of a particular part of the body are studied together

Question 3

Systemic Anatomy

Answer 3

body structure is studied system by system

Question 4

Cross Sectional Anatomy

Answer 4

Sliced into different sections/slides

Question 5

Surface Anatomy

Answer 5

The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

Question 6

Developmental Anatomy

Answer 6

The study of the change in the body stuctures form conception to birth

Question 7

Cytology

Answer 7

The study of cells and cell structure

Question 8

Histology

Answer 8

The study of the tissue

Question 9

Non-invasive techniques

Answer 9

Permit visualization without dissection. X-rays, tomography, MRIs, ultrasound, PET.

Question 10

Physiology

Answer 10

the study of function

Question 11

Responsiveness or excitability

Answer 11

Irritability; the ability to detect or respond to an external stimulus

Question 12

Adaptability

Answer 12

the ability to alter a physiological operation, or a species to change over time.

Question 13

Metabolism

Answer 13

executing a series of complex chemical reactoins on which some molecules are broken down while other are built

Question 14

Growth

Answer 14

the ability to increase in size from the inside to the outside

Question 15

Reproduction

Answer 15

the ability to make a copy, similar to the original. It is controlled by hormones.

Question 16

Excretion

Answer 16

have to be able to eliminate body waste

Question 17

Movement

Answer 17

promoted by the muscular system

Question 18

Subatomic Organization

Answer 18

Particles make up all matter, such as protons, electrons, and neutrons

Question 19

Atomic Organization

Answer 19

Combinations of subatomic particles from structures known as atoms.

Question 20

Molecular

Answer 20

combinations of atoms held together by energy interactions known as chemical bonds

Question 21

Organelle

Answer 21

Structures made up of combinations of complex organic compounds. Make us components of the cell

Question 22

Cell

Answer 22

The combination of organelles and other molecules. Considered to be the basic unit of life.

Question 23

Tissue

Answer 23

Combination of similar or related cells that work together to perform a common function. 4 basic types

Question 24

Organs

Answer 24

Various combinations of the 4 types of tissues, at least 2 types form an organ

Question 25

Organ System

Answer 25

organ combinations that work together to perform a common function

Question 26

Organism

Answer 26

A combination of all previous levels working together

Question 27

Homeostasis

Answer 27

the ability of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment in spite of a changing external environment

Question 28

Receptor

Answer 28

a sensor that monitors the variable. it provides the input to the control center

Question 29

Control center

Answer 29

determines the set point, the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained

Question 30

Effector

Answer 30

Responsible for carrying out the response for the control center

Question 31

Negative feedback

Answer 31

the output of a control system is fed back to the input of the system which it causes to move in the opposite direction of the output

Question 32

Positive feedback

Answer 32

part of the output feedback and increases the input. leads to exaggerated increases in output. it normally disrupts homeostasis where constancy is the goal

Question 33

Anatomical position

Answer 33

the body ius erect with feel slightly apart and palms face forward

Question 34

Axial

Answer 34

head, neck, and trunk

Question 35

Appendicular

Answer 35

upper and lower limbs

Question 36

Sagittal plane

Answer 36

divide left from right

Question 37

Frontal plane

Answer 37

divide front from back

Question 38

Transverse plane

Answer 38

cross section, top from bottom, inferior from superior

Question 39

Oblique

Answer 39

cross section cut out at an angle

Question 40

Dorsal Body Cavity

Answer 40

houses the central nervous system

Question 41

Cranial cavity

Answer 41

within the skill, houses the brain

Question 42

Vertebral cavity

Answer 42

houses the spinal cavity

Question 43

Thoracic cavity

Answer 43

Upper; has the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea

Question 44

Abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 44

lower, all other major organs

Question 45

Ventral Body Cavity

Answer 45

houses all the body organs

Question 46

Serous Membranes

Answer 46

cover the inner walls of the ventral cavity and the outer surface of an organ. Secrete fluid for lubrication called serous fluid which reduces friction

Question 47

Parietal Membrane

Answer 47

Lines the body cavity walls

Question 48

Visceral Membrane

Answer 48

Covers the outer surface of the organ

Question 49

9 regions

Answer 49

epigastric, right/left hypochondriac, umbilical, right/left lumbar, hypogastric, right/left iliac

Question 50

4 quadrants

Answer 50

right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower.

Question 51

Integumentary System

Answer 51

protects internal organs from drying out, bacterial infections, chemical substances, and physical factors

Question 52

Skeletal System

Answer 52

protects and supports the body organs

Question 53

Muscular System

Answer 53

Alloqs movement or locomotion

Question 54

Lymphatic System

Answer 54

Returns leaked fluid to the blood and have white blood cells

Question 55

Immune System

Answer 55

Protects against foreign substances

Question 56

Nervous System

Answer 56

Control system of the body

Question 57

Reproductive System

Answer 57

produces offspring

Question 58

Urinary System

Answer 58

Elimination of wastes, regulates water and electrolytes

Question 59

Endocrine System

Answer 59

Secretes hormones, controls metabolism

Question 60

Cardiovascular System

Answer 60

Blood vessels, heart. Responsible for transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients.

Question 61

Digestive System

Answer 61

Breaks down food for cell usage

Question 62

Respiratory System

Answer 62

Supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide