CHAPTER 1: Organization of Recorded Information Flashcards
Aboutness
Subject matter of a resource. The subject of a work contained in a resource, which is translated into controlled subject languages(ex. classification schemes, subject heading lists); includes topical aspects and also genre and form. See also- Conceptual Analysis.
Abstract
A condensed narrative description (ex. summary or synopsis) of a resource that may serve as a surrogate for the resource in a retrieval system; typically created fro journal articles, conference papers, individual chapters, and the like; usually created by an indexer at the time of the database indexing or may be written by the author of the resource.
Abstracting
The process of creating an abstract. See also - Indexing.
Access Point
Any word or phrase used to obtain information from a retrieval tool or other organized system; in cataloging and indexing, access points are specific names, titles, and subjects chosen by the cataloger or indexer, when creating metadata, to allow for the retrieval of the resource description.
Accession Record
In archives and museums, a record that contains basic information about the acquisition of a collection or object. It may include an identification number, information about the donor, any associations, provenance, any information needed for insurance purposes, and so forth.
Acquistions
The library technical services unit that, among other things, is responsible for managing orders and budgets for the collection.
Approval Plan
A method in which a library contracts with one or more vendors to receive new resources according to pre-selected profiles outlining the collections needs.
Authority Control
The result of the process of maintaining consistency in the verbal form used to represent an access point and the further process of showing the relationships among names, works, and subjects — all for the purpose of collocation; also, the result of the process of doing authority work with or without the necessity of choosing one form of name or title or one subject term to be the authorized selection.
Back-of-the-book Indexing
An alphabetical list of entries for the major subjects, authors, and works referred to in an information resource. Each entry is accompanied by references or pointers (ex. Page numbers) to the locations in the resource that contain information about that entry. On the web, similar indexes may be referred to as A-Z indexes, with direct links to the web pages that contain information about the entries.
Bibliographic Control
See Information Organization
Bibliographic Record
Catalog data in card, microform, machine-readable, or other form carrying full cataloging information for a resource.
Call Number
A notation on a resource that matches the same notation in the metadata description and is used to identify and locate the item; it often consists of a classification notation and a cutter number, and it may also include a work mark and/ or a date; it is the number used to “call” for an item in a closed stack library — thus the source of the name “call number”.
Cataloging
The creation of metadata for information resources by describing a resource, choosing appropriate access points, conducting subject analysis, assigning subject headings and classification numbers, and maintaining the system through which the cataloging data is made available.
Collocate
See Collocation
Collocation
The bringing together of metadata descriptions or information resources that are related in some way (ex. Same author, same work, same subject, etc.)
Conceptual Analyisis
An examination of the intellectual or creative contents of an information resource to understand what the item is about and what the item is (i.e., its form or genre).
Container List
See Finding Aid
Content Standard
A set of rules of instructions to guide catalogues, indexers, and the like, in the creation of formatting of data for a bibliographic or index record, an authority record, a metadata statement, or some other form of resource description.
Cooperative Cataloging
The working together of independent institutions to create cataloging that can be shared with others.
Copy Cataloging
Adapting the original cataloging created by one library for use in another institution’s catalog.
Creator
An agent that is responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of a work; includes authors, writers, enacting jurisdictions, composers, photographers, artists and the like.
Cutter Number
A designation that has the purpose of alphabetizing all works that have exactly the same classification notation; named for Charles Ammi Cutter, who devised such a scheme (but used with a small ‘c’ when referring to another such table that is not Cutter’s own).
Data
Unprocessed information, which may be in the form of numbers (binary data, numerical data sets), text (facts, information without context), images, etc.
Descriptive Cataloging
That phase of the cataloging process that is concerned with the identification and description of a resource, the recording of this information in a bibliographic record, and the selection and formation of access points — with the exception of subject access points.
Digital Collection
A collection of information resources in digital form that are selected, brought together, organized preserved, and to which access is provided over digital networks for a particular community of users. May be referred to as a digital library, institutional repository, or digital archives.
Explicit Knowledge
Knowledge that is recorded, codified, or communicated in an overt form. See Tacit Knowledge).
Explore
A user task in IFLA LRM; to discover and to gain greater understanding of resources and entities.
Facet
A component (piece, side, or aspect) of a subject.
Find
A user task in FRBR and IFLA LRM; to search for entities that match specific criteria.
Finding Aid
An inventory-like description of an archival collection; it describes the whole collection as well as groupings within the collection.
Gifts and Exchanges
Gifts are resources that are donated to an institution. Exchanges are when institutions swap duplicate or unwanted items according to a mutually beneficial trade agreement with other institutions.
Granularity
In metadata description, the level and depth at which information resources are described; in database design, a measure of the size of a number of segments into which memory is divided.
Identify
A user task in FRBR and IFLA LRM; to confirm that an entity corresponds to the one sought; to recognize a specific resources, agent, and so on.
Index
A bibliographic tool that provides access to the analyzed contents of resources (ex. Articles in a journal, short stories in a collection, papers in a conference proceeding). A back-of-the-book index provides access to the analyzed contents of one work.
Indexing
The process of creating metadata, especially the access points, for information resources, often for smaller units of information (ex., articles, papers).
Information
The communication or reception of knowledge; organized data. See also, data or knowledge.
Information Architecture
A methodology for planning, designing, building, organizing, and maintaining an information system (usually associated with systems on the web).
Information Fragmentation
The situation that exists when information is scattered or spread across multiple devices or is found in different formats, such as when people have some documents or information kept on a smartphone, but other information is found on a desktop computer, a laptop, a tablet, and in locations.
Information Organization
The process of describing resources and then providing name, title, and subject access to the descriptions, resulting in resource descriptions that serve as surrogates for the actual items of recorded information and in resources that are logically arranged.
Information Overload
When a person receives more information than can be processed or handled.
Information Resource
See Resource.
Integrated Library System
See Integrated Library Management System or ILS
Interlibrary Loan
See ILL
Inventory
A tool whose purpose is to provide a record of what is owned.
Knowledge
What exists in the mind (rather than in any stored form) of an individual who has studied a subject, understands it, and perhaps has added to it through research or other means; a combination of information, context, and experience.
Knowledge Management
The attempt to capture, evaluate, store, and reuse what the employees of an organization know.
Knowledge Organization System
(KOS) A generic term for all types of schemes for organizing information, including classification schemes, categories, authority files, subject heading lists, thesauri, and ontologies.
Library Services Platform
(LSP) An extension of traditional integrated library systems, using current technology to address barriers to efficient use of divergent material types, particularly electronic resources. Typical characteristics include unified management of physical and electronic materials; use of global knowledge bases in addition to, or other than, local databases; cloud computing as the basis for system architecture; and development of application programming interfaces to facilitate interaction of LSP system software with that of external vendors.
Linked Data
A method of encoding and publishing data on the web, so that a wide range of different resources can be understood by computers as being related to the same entity or concept. Linked data makes possible the discovery of knowledge about entities that would otherwise have been separated by disassociated means of encoding or by different data silos. Linked data is referred to as open if it is made freely available with minimal or no restrictions on access or re-use. See also Semantic Web.
Metadata
Structured information that describes the attributes of resources for the purposes of identification, discovery, selection, use, access, and management; an encoded description of a resource (ex., an RDA record encoded with MARC, a Dublin Core record); the purpose of metadata is to provide a level of data at which choices can be made as to which resources one wishes to view without having to search through massive amounts or irrelevant full text. See also Bibliographic data; description; resource description; surrogate record.
Microdata
An HTML specification used to nest metadata annotations within the content of web resources; used by search engines and web crawlers to provide more relevant results for users.
Obtain
A user task in FRBR and IFLA LRM; to gain access to the resource described.
Organize
To perform the process of forming unity and arranging separate parts into a whole that functions as an integrated unit.
Original Cataloging
The process of creating a bibliographic description “from scratch,” especially without reference to other records for the same resource; also, the cataloging data created by this process.
Original Order
In archival collections, the organization or sequence of records as established by the creator of those records; the archival order reproduces the order employed when the records were in active use.
Patron-driven Acquisitions
A process in which a library obtains certain resources only after the need for them has been definitively expressed by patrons; also known as demand driven acquisitions.
Personal Information Management
The activities that individuals perform to organize, store, and retrieve information for their own purposes.
Provenance
The origin or ownership trail of an archival document or collection, or of a museum object ( i.e., information about its origin, custody, or ownership).
Public Services
A library’s front-of-house operations (as opposed to technical services), which focus on serving patrons through reference services, library instruction, reserves, circulation, and so on.
Records Management
The process of maintaining records for an organization; it includes such functions as making decisions about what records should be created, saving necessary records, establishing effective systems for retrieval of records, and archiving important records for posterity.
Register
One of the control tools for a museum; it functions like a catalog with a number of additional kinds of access points (e.g., donor, style, provenance).
Resource
An instance of recorded information (e.g., book, article, video, web page, sound recording, electronic journal); resource is used in order to avoid using book, DVD, or other such specific designations; also called document, information resource, library materials, object, and so on.
Respect des Fonds
the principle that states that archival materials created or collected together should be kept together without mixing in records or materials from other creators or collections. See also Original order; Provenance.
Retrieval Tool
A device such as a catalog, an index, a search engine, and the like, created for use as an information retrieval system.
Search Engine Optimization
(SEO) An activity aimed at raising the visibility of websites by getting sites to be ranked higher in search engine results.
Select
A user task in FRBR and IFLA LRM; to choose a resource that is appropriate to the user’s needs.
Selection (Collection Development)
The process in which collection development librarians learn about the existence of works through vendors’ product catalogs, reviews, publishers’ announcements, and the like, and then choose the most appropriate materials for the collection.
Semantic Web
An extension of the World Wide Web. The traditional web provides linkages between online resources, generally at the level of the whole resource or a discreet part of it, The Semantic Web provides linkages among statements about resources, in a format semantically meaningful to, and actionable by, computers. Linked data is generally considered to be the basis for the Semantic Web.
Series (archives)
A logically grouped set of files, books, correspondence, or other set.
Subject Cataloging
The process of providing subject analysis, including subject headings and classification notations, when creating resource descriptions for archives, libraries, museums, and the like.
Tacit Knowledge
Knowledge that is not recorded formally or is difficult to codify or share; it is knowledge still stored in the human mind. See also Explicit Knowledge.
Technical Services
The group of activities in an institution that involves acquiring, organizing, housing, maintaining, and conserving collections and automating these activities. In some places circulating collections is also considered to be a technical service.
Title
A name given to a resource. There are many types of titles. See also Alternative title; collective title; conventional collective title; devised title; other title information; parallel title; subtitle; title proper.
Translation
The conveyance of the content of the work in another language. In RDA, a translation is considered a different expression of a work, not a new work.
Triple
(RDF triple) The model used to structure metadata statements. A triple consists of a subject (a resource), a predicate (a property), and an object ( a value). This is the underlying structure of linked data and the Semantic Web.
Union Catalog
A catalog that represents the holdings of more than one institution or collection.
Work
A distinct intellectual or artistic creation; an abstract instance of content or ideas, regardless of the packaging in which the content or ideas may be expressed.
AACR
Anglo-American Cataloging Rules: A set of cataloging rules, first published in 1967, for producing the descriptive metadata and name-and-title access points in a surrogate record for a resource; the editions published after 1987 were referred to as AACR2; the creation of these rules was the result of the collaboration among representatives from Australia, Canada, Great Britain, and the US. It was replaced in 2010 by RDA: Resource Description and Access
AMC
Archival and Manuscript Control
API
Application Program Interface
ASI
American Society for Indexing
CDWA
Categories for the Descriptions of Works of Art
CCO
Cataloging Cultural Objects
DACS
Describing Archives: A Content Standard
DC
Dublin Core
DDC
Dewey Decimal Classification
DPLA
Digital Public Library of America
EAD
Encoded Archival Description
EDM
European Data Model
FRAD
Functional Requirements for Authority Data
FRBR
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language
IA
Information Architecture
IFLA
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions
ILS
Integrated Library System
IRI
Internationalized Resource Identifier
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
KOS
Knowledge Organization System
LC
Library of Congress
LCC
Library of Congress Classification
LCNAF
LC/NACO Authority File (previously Library of Congress Name Authority File)
LCSH
Library of Congress Subject Headings
LIS
Library and Information Science
LSP
Library Services Platform
MAP
Metadata Application Profile
MARC
MAchine-Readable Cataloging
MeSH
Medical Subject Headings
MODS
Metadata Object Description Schema
NACO
Name Authority Cooperative Program
OAI
Open Archives Initiative
OCLC
Online Computer Library Center
RDA
Resource Description & Access
RDF
Resource Description Framework
SKOS
Simple Knowledge Organization System
TGM
Thesaurus for Graphic Materials
URI
Uniform Resource Identifier
URL
Uniform Resource Locator
XML
Extensible Markup Language
