chapter 1 - organic chemistry

Question 1

what two elements are ALWAYS present in organic molecules

Answer 1

hydrogen and carbon

Question 2

what is known as the “core” of organic compounds?

Answer 2

carbon
(bonds with hydrogen to make a basic structure for organic molecules)

Question 2

hydrocarbons can be divided into THREE simple organic molecules, these are ____.

Answer 2

Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes

Question 2

what types of bonds can carbon form?

Answer 2

single, double, or triple

Question 3

Alkanes: what is their suffix?

Answer 3

-ane

Question 3

what types of bonds does carbon form when discussing organic chemistry?

Answer 3

covalent bonds!

Question 4

Alkenes: what is their suffix?

Answer 4

-ene

Question 4

Alkynes: what is their suffix?

Answer 4

-yne

Question 5

Alkanes: what type of bonds do they have?

Answer 5

single bonds

Question 6

Alkenes: what type of bonds do they have?

Answer 6

double

Question 7

Alkynes: what type of bonds do they have?

Answer 7

triple

Question 8

what is a formula we can use for alkanes?
- it helps us determine their chemical formula

Answer 8

C(n)H(2n+2)
(whats in brackets goes bellow)

Question 9

what are the prefixes from hydrocarbons
1-10

Answer 9

1. METH-
2. ETH-
3. PROP-
4. BUT-
5. PENT-
6. HEX-
7. HEPT-
8. OCT-
9. NON-
10. DECA-

Question 10

when looking at alkenes, they have double bonds, how do we know where the double bond is located in the drawing?

Answer 10

The number in front of the chemical name will determine where the double bond is
EX: 2-Butene (the double bond is between the 2nd and 3rd carbon)

Question 11

What is a functional group?

Answer 11

A functional group has definite chemical properties that they retain no matter WHERE they occur, they will always have the same properties.

Question 12

What does a functional group determine?

Answer 12

They determine the characteristics and reactivity of molecules.
Whether its acidic or basic.

Question 13

Where are functional groups?
How is this impactful?

Answer 13

Functional groups are BRANCHES. They branch off the original organic molecules. This impacts the molecules behavior

Question 14

1-5 functional group prefixes

Answer 14

1. methyl
2. ethyl
3. propyl
4. butyl
   5.pentyl

Question 15

What is the suffix for when there is an additional carbon bonded to the organic molecule

Answer 15

-ane

Question 16

Hydroxyl functional group

Answer 16

-OH bonded to the carbon chain

Question 16

Carbonyl groupS - what are the difference between the two and what are the two different names we can call them

Answer 16

It’s a carbon attached to the carbon chain, and it has an oxygen double bonded to it. If it’s an Aldehyde it has a hydrogen as well but if it’s a ketone there is not.
Ketones= MIDDLE
Aldehydes= END

Question 17

Amino acids are a functional group that have ___ branching off

Answer 17

NH3

Question 18

Name the functional group
NH3

Answer 18

amino acid

Question 18

Name the functional group
C O(double bonded O)

Answer 18

Carbonyl (middle)
OR ketone

Question 19

Name the functional group
COH

Answer 19

Carbonyl (end)
OR aldehyde

Question 19

Name the functional group
OH

Answer 19

hydroxyl

Question 20

Name the functional group
COOH

Answer 20

Carboxyl group
(organic acids)

Question 21

when there is an additional carbon added to the main chain what does the word formula end with?

Answer 21

-ane

Question 22

2- methylbutane
What would this look like?

Answer 22

but- 4 carbons
meth- 1 functional group branching off
2- functional group coming off the second carbon
-ane - 1 additional carbon branching off

Question 23

What is the simple definition for isomers?

Answer 23

These are organic compounds with the SAME molecular formula but different structures

Question 24

why do all organic molecules contain carbon?

Answer 24

The unique properties of the carbon atom allow it to form single, double, or triple bonds. It is also able to form covalent bonds with 4 other molecules.