Chapter 1 Objective Questions

Question 1

Which of the following activities is not carried out by every cell in the body?

a) Obtaining oxygen and nutrients
b) Performing chemical reactions to acquire energy for the cell’s use
c) Eliminating wastes
d) Controlling to a large extent exchange of materials between the cell and its external environment
e) reproducing

Answer 1

e) reproducing

Question 2

What is the proper progression of the levels of organization in the body?

Answer 2

Chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, body systems, whole body

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue?

a) Bone
b) Blood
c) The spinal cord
d) Tendons
e) the tissue that attaches epithelial tissue to underlying structures

Answer 3

c) the spinal cord

Question 4

The term tissue can apply to either one of the four primary tissue types or to a particular organ’s aggregate of cellular and extracellular components (true or false)

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Cells in a multicellular organism have specialized to such an extent that they have little in common with single-celled organisms (true or false)

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Cell specializations are usually a modification or elaboration of one of the basic cell functions (true or false)

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What are the four primary types of tissue?

Answer 7

1) Muscle Tissue
2) Nervous Tissue
3) Epithelial Tissue
4) Connective tissue

Question 8

The term ______ refers to the release from a cell, in response to appropriate stimulation, of specific products that have in large part been synthesized by the cell

Answer 8

Secretion

Question 9

______ glands secrete through ducts to the outside of the body, whereas ______ glands release their secretory products, known as _______, internally into the blood

Answer 9

EXOCRINE glands secrete through ducts to the outside of the body, whereas ENDOCRINE glands release their secretory products, known as HORMONES, internally into the blood

Question 10

______ controls are inherent to an organ, whereas _______ controls are regulatory mechanisms initiated outside an organ that alter the activity of the organ

Answer 10

INTRINSIC controls are inherent to an organ, whereas EXTRINSIC controls are regulatory mechanisms initiated outside an organ that alter the activity of the organ

Question 11

What system is being described:

“Obtains oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide”

Answer 11

Respiratory

Question 12

What system is being described:

“Support, protect and move body parts”

Answer 12

Skeletal and Muscular system

Question 13

What system is being described:

“Controls, via hormones it secretes, processes that require duration”

Answer 13

Endocrine System

Question 14

What system is being described:

“Acts as transport system”

Answer 14

Circulatory System

Question 15

What system is being described:

“Removes wastes and excess water, salt, and other electrolytes”

Answer 15

Urinary System

Question 16

What system is being described:

“Perpetuates the species”

Answer 16

Reproductive System

Question 17

What system is being described:

“Obtains nutrients, water, and electrolytes”

Answer 17

Digestive System

Question 18

What system is being described:

“Defends against foreign invaders and cancer”

Answer 18

Immune System

Question 19

What system is being described:

“Acts through electrical signals to control body’s rapid responses”

Answer 19

Nervous System

Question 20

What system is being described:

“Serves as outer protective barrier”

Answer 20

Integumentary System

Question 21

Define Physiology

Answer 21

The scientific study of the functions of the body

Question 22

What are the 8 basic cell functions?

Answer 22

1) Obtaining nutrients and oxygen from the environment surrounding the cell
2) Performing chemical reactions that use nutrients and oxygen to provide energy for the cells: Food+O2->CO2 + H2O + energy
3) Eliminating from the cells internal environment CO2 and other by-products, or wastes, produced during these chemical reactions
4) Synthesizing proteins and other components needed for cell structure, growth, and carrying out particular cell functions
5) Controlling to a large extent the exchange of materials between the cell and its surrounding environment
6) Moving materials from one part of the cell to another when carrying out cell activities. Some cells are even able to move through their surrounding environment
7) Being sensitive and responsive to changes in the surrounding environment
8) Reproducing (for most cells) nerve cells and cardiac cells lose ability to reproduce

Question 23

Distinguish between the external environment and the internal environment. What constitutes the internal environment?

Answer 23

External Environment: Outside Body

Internal Environment: Extracellular Fluid (outside cells inside body) - made of plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 24

What fluid compartments make up the internal environment?

Answer 24

Plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 25

Define homeostasis

Answer 25

Ability of a cell or organism to regulate its internal conditions, typically using feedback systems to minimize variation and maintain health regardless of external environmental changes

Question 26

What factors must be homeostatically maintained?

Answer 26

1) [nutrient molecules]
2) [O2] and [CO2]
3) [Waste products]
4) pH
5) [Water], [Salt], and other electrolytes
6) Volume and pressure
7) Temperature

Question 27

Define and describe the components of a homeostatic control system

Answer 27

Homeostatic control systems must have

1) Receptor - detect changes from normal in the internal environment
2) Control centre - Integrate the info with other relevant information
3) Effector - trigger the needed adjustments to restore factor within normal range

Question 28

Compare and contrast negative and positive feedback

Answer 28

Negative feedback is meant to reverse changes from normal back into normal range (eg sweating to cool down) while positive feedback amplifies the deviation (eg childbirth)