Chapter 1- Nutrition: Food for Health

Question 1

The study of nutrients, their composition, how the body uses them (metabolism), and how these nutrients support optimal health.

Answer 1

Nutrition Science

Question 2

Substances found in foods that are required for the maintenance of health and proper body function.

Answer 2

Nutrients

Question 3

Building physical components of cells, bones, etc.

Answer 3

Structural Function of Nutrients

Question 4

Maintaining the proper balance of hormones, temperature, chemical reactions, etc.

Answer 4

Regulatory Function of Nutrients

Question 5

Providing fuel for cells to perform work.

Answer 5

Energy Function of Nutrients

Question 6

Nutrients our body cannot make in adequate amounts, so we must get them from food. Essential in a diet, not essential to our health. All nutrients, essential or non-essential, are necessary for our health.

Answer 6

Essential Nutrients

Question 7

A type of non-nutrient; chemicals made by plants; seem to have health-promoting properties.

Answer 7

Phytochemical

Question 8

The animal equivalent of phytochemicals in plants.

Answer 8

Zoochemical

Question 9

Does not contain carbon in their structure (water, minerals)

Answer 9

Inorganic (Chemically)

Question 10

Contains carbon in their structure (carbs, fats, protein, vitamins)

Answer 10

Organic (Chemically)

Question 11

What calories measure.

Answer 11

Energy

Question 12

In body in larger amounts (ex. carbs, proteins, fats, water)

Answer 12

Macronutrient

Question 13

In body in small amounts (ex. vitamins, minerals)

Answer 13

Micronutrient

Question 14

A food that high in this may be (as a ratio) high in nutrients but low in calories. The density of a given nutrient per kcal in a food.

Answer 14

Nutrient Density

Question 15

The study of the interaction between
genetic susceptibility and a specific lifestyle factor (diet, for example).

Answer 15

Nutrigenomics

Question 16

Measurement (unit) of energy.

Answer 16

Kcalories

Question 17

Conditions lasting 1 year or more and require ongoing medical attention and/or limit activities or daily living.

Answer 17

Chronic Disease

Question 18

The amount of energy (kcals) in a particular weight of food.

Answer 18

Energy Density

Question 19

Either undernutrition or overnutrition

Answer 19

Malnutrition

Question 20

A research question that is measurable and specific.

Answer 20

Hypothesis

Question 21

A study in which we do not intervene. It is conducted by gathering information about the subject through surveys, blood work, visual observation, medical chart review, etc.

Answer 21

Observational Study

Question 22

An observational study that matches people with a disease to people without a disease and attempt to uncover differences between the two groups.

Answer 22

Case-Control Study (a type of observational study)

Answer 23

Intervention Study

Question 24

The group being tested or changed.

Answer 24

Experimental Group

Question 25

The “standard” group; is not being tested; may receive a placebo.

Answer 25

Control Group

Question 26

The splitting of a population into different groups in an unpredictable, unsystematic, or random order; helps with validity; creates an “average”.

Answer 26

Randomization

Question 27

A substance that has no therapeutic effect, used as a control.

Answer 27

Placebo

Question 28

A condition or behavior associated with an elevated frequency of a disease.

Answer 28

Risk Factor

Question 29

A well-designed intervention study in medicine/healthcare; the “golden standard”; A study design that randomly assigns participants into an experimental group or a control group.

Answer 29

Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT)

Question 30

A personal account of an experience or an observation.

Answer 30

Anecdotal Evidence

Question 31

Peer review requires that their articles be
reviewed by a panel of experts prior to agreeing to publish them and the authors need
to revise or redo their study if the reviewers have major objections.

Answer 31

Peer Review

Question 32

A relationship between two variables where they move in the same direction; as x increases, y increases.

Answer 32

Positive Correlation

Question 33

A relationship between two variables where they move in different directions; as x increases, y decreases.

Answer 33

Negative (Inverse) Correlation

Question 34

Information which may influence the participants of the experiment is withheld until after the experiment is complete.

Answer 34

Blind Experiment

Question 35

A type of clinical trial in which neither the participants nor the researcher knows which treatment or intervention participants are receiving until the clinical trial is over.

Answer 35

Double-Blind Experiment