Chapter 1 - Network Technologies Flashcards by Jon-Paul Brune

what is OSI?

what are the 7 layers?

1-7

open standards interconnection

application
presentation
session
transport
network
data
physical

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what is the job of the physical layer?

1-7

defines electrical, mechanical, and procedural aspects of communication

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what is the job of the data link layer?

what about its 2 sublayers?

1-7

defines how we put data on the wire

1 - logical link control provides general path to present the communication to the next layer of the model
2 - media access control examines the physical address presented to it and addresses packets that it sends

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what is the job of the network layer?

what is the primary protocol of the network layer?

1-7

defines the logical addressing of computers and devices on the network

IP - internet protocol

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what is the job of the transport layer?

1-8

defines the connection methods for communication between two devices

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what is the job of the session layer?

1-8

establishment, maintenance and termination of computer sessions

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what are the jobs of the presentation layer?
there are 4 of them

1-8

translation of data sent over the wire

format, encryption, compress (all 3 of these are on the data to be sent)

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what is the application layer?

what is this layer’s most common protocol?

1-8

collection of protocols that the user utilizes to begin to put data into the system and eventually onto the wire

HTTP - hypertext transfer protocol

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state the 4 layers of the TCP/IP model and pair them against the OSI model

1-8,9

OSI - 7.application, 6.presentation, 5.session, 4.transport, 3.network, 2.data link, 1.physical

TCP/IP - 4.application, 3.transport, 2.internet, 1.network access

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what is the job of the network access layer of TCP/IP model?

1-8

defines methods of putting data onto the wire and defines what that wire can be

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what is the job of the internet layer of TCP/IP?

1-9

defines the logical communication links between two or more computers

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what is the job of the transport layer in TCP/IP? in other words, what are the 2 protocols here?

1-9

TCP - transmission control protocol, guaranteed connection-oriented communication

UDP - user datagram protocol, broadcast best-effort communication

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what are the jobs of the application layer of TCP/IP model? there are 3 of them

1-9

defines protocols user is using
translation in the network
connection methods for communication

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what is EUI-64 full name?

what is it replacing?

1-11

extended unique identifier - 64

replacing MAC-48 addresses

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looking at the OSI model, what are the different packet terms for each layer?

1-12

application - data
presentation - data
session - data
transport - datagram
network - packet
data link - frame
physical - bit

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what is a switch?
how does it work?
2 things it is useful for?

1-12

layer 2 network device

learn the MAC address of all devices, connected to it to control traffic flow

segment the network to decrease traffic
create VLANs to improve flexibility of network design

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what is a router?
what type of addresses does it use?
what type of table does it use?
2 ways the routing table is built

1-13

layer 3 network device, allows us to reach the internet

logical addresses

routing table

manual entry
routing protocols

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what is a multi-layer switch?

1-13

a switch with layer 2 AND layer 3 capabilities

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what’s the difference between active and passive hubs?

1-13

active - plugged into a power source, it can amplify the signal

passive - only provides connectivity

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how are bridges similar to switches?
how are they different from switches?
explain the 2 types of bridges

1-15

can learn MAC addresses

much slower

transparent bridge - connects two dissimilar networks, but is invisible to them, offers no translation
source routing - performs translation between 2 dissimilar networks

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IPv4 is 32 bit with a ____ ____ format.

tell me the 1st octet ranges for classes A,B,C,D

1-16

dotted decimal

A - 1-126 (127)
B - 128-191
C - 192-223
D - 224-239

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tell me the private IP address ranges and their default subnet masks.

1-17

A - 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255 255.0.0.0
B - 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255 255.255.0.0
C - 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255 255.255.255.0

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starting with decimal format go 0 thru 15, then do it again in binary, then again in hex

1-19,20

write it out!

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how many bits in IPv6?
successive fields of zeroes are written as what?
how big is 2^128?
how would you describe a MAC address format?

1-20,21

128
::
3.4x10^38
6 pairs of hex characters separated by a dash OR space

what does subnetting create? 1-22

broadcast domains

give quick explanations for unicast, multicast, broadcast what does an APIPA address begin with? 1-26,27

unicast - one source address and one destination address multicast - one source to many destinations broadcast - one to all 169.254

when looking at the most common routing protocols, what are the 3 main categories? within these categories, what are the 4 most common types? 1-29

link state distance vector hybrid link state - OSPF, IS-IS distance vector - RIP and RIPv2

explain EIGRP how is its metric more sophisticated than RIP? 1-28

enhanced interior gateway routing protocol a cisco proprietary protocol, combines distance vector with link state protocols uses connection bandwidth and delay

what is OSPF? what algorithm does it use? what's its big advantage? T/F: the most common link state protocol 1-28

open shortest path first uses the shortest path first algorithm, from Dijkstra FAST convergence when there's a change in the network true

explain RIP 1-28

routing information protocol obsolete, replaced by RIPv2, OSPF,IS-IS uses a "hop" count

what is link state? how does this protocol send its information? 1-29

link-the interface state-attributes of the interface via LSA, these are link state advertisements

explain distance vector 1-29

protocols that put factors of "how far" and "which direction" against a routing table

T/F: EIGRP, OSPF, and RIPv2 are all dynamic protocols. ``` match protocols to metric types: hop bandwidth mtu delay costs latency 1-29,30 ```

true hop-RIP EIGRP - mtu, bandwidth, delay OSPF - cost latency - ? similar to delay

what is the formula for calculating cost? what protocol stops logical loops? 1-30

(10^8)/bandwidth bandwidth is in bits per second Spanning Tree Protocol

T/F: all ports assigned to the same VLAN are logically in the same subnet, regardless of where those parts are in the network. 1-31

true

what is the most common trunking protocol? match layer 2 and layer 3 to routers, switch, broadcast domains and collision domains 1-33

IEEE 802.1q Layer 2 - switch, collision Layer 3 - router, broadcast

``` tell me the most common TCP and UDP default ports and their protocols: FTP SSH Telnet SMTP DNS DHCP HTTP NTP ```

``` 20,21 TCP 22 TCP 23 TCP 25 TCP 53 both 67,68 TCP 80 both 123 TCP ```

continue with the TCP and UDP ports and protocols: IMAP SNMP RDP

143 TCP 161 UDP 3389 TCP

TCP ``` connection oriented or not? which layer? flow control? sequencing? error detection? error correction? guarantee or best-effort? explain its 3 way handshake what is its transport protocol? ``` 1-41

``` connection oriented transport layer (4 of OSI) yes, provides flow control yes yes yes guaranteed delivery SYN -> IP ```

FTP ``` name? within intranet or throughout internet? which layer? transport mechanism? remote browsing allowed? ``` 1-41

file transport protocol both application layer (7) of OSI TCP yes

UDP ``` name? layer? transport protocol? connection oriented or not? how many fields in its header? ``` 1-41

``` user datagram protocol transport layer (4) of OSI IP not, is "fire and forget" 4 ```

DHCP. what is its full name? 1-42

dynamic host configuration protocol

TFTP name? connection oriented or not? does this make it similar to FTP or not? which protocol does it use? 1-42

trivial file transfer protocol not not similar UDP, is connectionless

DNS name? what does it facilitate? 1-42

domain name system "friendly naming"

HTTP name? purpose? all requests in clear text or not? 1-43

hypertext transfer protocol is the protocol that users utilize to browse the WWW yes, all requests in clear tet

HTTPS name? what does it use for encryption? does the client, server, or both need to be able to support HTTPS in order for HTTPS to take place? 1-43

hypertext transfer protocol secure secure sockets layer both

ARP name? layer's of both models? purpose? 1-43

address resolution protocol OSI-network TCP/IP-internet resolve IP address to MAC address

SIP - name and purpose? RTP - name and purpose? 1-44

session initiation protocol - set up and tear down voice calls and video calls over the internet real-time transport protocol - defines packet format for streaming, video conferencing, push to talk apps

SSH name? purpose? is entire session encrypted or not? 1-44

secure shell to log into a computer remotely, execute commands, and move files yes, entire session is encrypted

POP3 name? purpose? drawback? 1-44

post office protocol version 3 used to retrieve email from SMTP servers authentication is done in clear text

IMAPv4 - name and purpose Telnet - purpose what is Telnet's main problem? 1-45

internet message access protocol version 4 - to retrieve email from SMTP servers Telnet - to access and control network devices NOT SECURE

SMTP ``` name? defines what? layer? transport mechanism (protocol) guaranteed error free delivery or is it best effort? ``` 1-45

``` simple mail transfer protocol defines how email messages are sent between hosts on a network application layer of OSI TCP guaranteed error free delivery ```

SNMP 2/3 name? state the advantages 1-46

simple network management protocol, versions 2 and 3 2: more user friendly over version 1 3: added security measures

ICMP name? layer? both models? purposes? there are 4 of them 1-46

``` internet control message protocol OSI - network layer, TCP/IP - internet layer 1.error checking 2.reporting functionality 3.ping utility 4.source quench messages ```

IGMP name? purpose? 1-46

internet group management protocol | standard for IP multicasting on intranets, used to establish host memberships in multicast groups or a single network

TLS name? function? what is its predecessor? 1-47

transport layer security allows network devices to communicate across a network while avoiding eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery its predecessor was SSL

state the 3 main components of DNS. explain them to me 1-47

1. DNS Server - contain software and configuration, allowing them to resolve hostnames to IP addresses. 2. DNS Records - A - resolve hostname to IPv4 address MX - specifies the mail server responsible AAAA - same as A, but for IPv6 CNAME - canonical name, alias to other records PTR - pointer, retrieves a resolution 3. Dynamic DNS - notifies the server to update its database

networking troubleshooting methodology tell me the 14 steps 1-49,50,51

just kidding, f that crap

tell me the 6 virtual network components. what is PBX? 1-52,53,54

1. virtual switches 2. " desktops 3. " servers 4. " PBX 5. onsite vs offsite 6. network as a service (NaaS) private business exchange