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Network + > Chapter 1 - Network Technologies > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Network Technologies Flashcards

1
Q

what is OSI?

what are the 7 layers?

1-7

A

open standards interconnection

application
presentation
session
transport
network
data
physical
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2
Q

what is the job of the physical layer?

1-7

A

defines electrical, mechanical, and procedural aspects of communication

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3
Q

what is the job of the data link layer?

what about its 2 sublayers?

1-7

A

defines how we put data on the wire

  1. 1 - logical link control provides general path to present the communication to the next layer of the model
  2. 2 - media access control examines the physical address presented to it and addresses packets that it sends
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4
Q

what is the job of the network layer?

what is the primary protocol of the network layer?

1-7

A

defines the logical addressing of computers and devices on the network

IP - internet protocol

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5
Q

what is the job of the transport layer?

1-8

A

defines the connection methods for communication between two devices

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6
Q

what is the job of the session layer?

1-8

A

establishment, maintenance and termination of computer sessions

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7
Q

what are the jobs of the presentation layer?
there are 4 of them

1-8

A

translation of data sent over the wire

format, encryption, compress (all 3 of these are on the data to be sent)

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8
Q

what is the application layer?

what is this layer’s most common protocol?

1-8

A

collection of protocols that the user utilizes to begin to put data into the system and eventually onto the wire

HTTP - hypertext transfer protocol

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9
Q

state the 4 layers of the TCP/IP model and pair them against the OSI model

1-8,9

A

OSI - 7.application, 6.presentation, 5.session, 4.transport, 3.network, 2.data link, 1.physical

TCP/IP - 4.application, 3.transport, 2.internet, 1.network access

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10
Q

what is the job of the network access layer of TCP/IP model?

1-8

A

defines methods of putting data onto the wire and defines what that wire can be

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11
Q

what is the job of the internet layer of TCP/IP?

1-9

A

defines the logical communication links between two or more computers

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12
Q

what is the job of the transport layer in TCP/IP? in other words, what are the 2 protocols here?

1-9

A

TCP - transmission control protocol, guaranteed connection-oriented communication

UDP - user datagram protocol, broadcast best-effort communication

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13
Q

what are the jobs of the application layer of TCP/IP model? there are 3 of them

1-9

A

defines protocols user is using
translation in the network
connection methods for communication

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14
Q

what is EUI-64 full name?

what is it replacing?

1-11

A

extended unique identifier - 64

replacing MAC-48 addresses

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15
Q

looking at the OSI model, what are the different packet terms for each layer?

1-12

A 
application - data
presentation - data
session - data
transport - datagram
network - packet
data link - frame
physical - bit
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16
Q

what is a switch?
how does it work?
2 things it is useful for?

1-12

A

layer 2 network device

learn the MAC address of all devices, connected to it to control traffic flow

  1. segment the network to decrease traffic
  2. create VLANs to improve flexibility of network design
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17
Q

what is a router?
what type of addresses does it use?
what type of table does it use?
2 ways the routing table is built

1-13

A

layer 3 network device, allows us to reach the internet

logical addresses

routing table

  1. manual entry
  2. routing protocols
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18
Q

what is a multi-layer switch?

1-13

A

a switch with layer 2 AND layer 3 capabilities

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19
Q

what’s the difference between active and passive hubs?

1-13

A

active - plugged into a power source, it can amplify the signal

passive - only provides connectivity

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20
Q

how are bridges similar to switches?
how are they different from switches?
explain the 2 types of bridges

1-15

A

can learn MAC addresses

much slower

  1. transparent bridge - connects two dissimilar networks, but is invisible to them, offers no translation
  2. source routing - performs translation between 2 dissimilar networks
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21
Q

IPv4 is 32 bit with a ____ ____ format.

tell me the 1st octet ranges for classes A,B,C,D

1-16

A

dotted decimal

A - 1-126 (127)
B - 128-191
C - 192-223
D - 224-239

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22
Q

tell me the private IP address ranges and their default subnet masks.

1-17

A

A - 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255 255.0.0.0
B - 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255 255.255.0.0
C - 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255 255.255.255.0

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23
Q

starting with decimal format go 0 thru 15, then do it again in binary, then again in hex

1-19,20

A

write it out!

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24
Q

how many bits in IPv6?
successive fields of zeroes are written as what?
how big is 2^128?
how would you describe a MAC address format?

1-20,21

A

128
::
3.4x10^38
6 pairs of hex characters separated by a dash OR space

25
Q

what does subnetting create?

1-22

A

broadcast domains

26
Q

give quick explanations for unicast, multicast, broadcast

what does an APIPA address begin with?

1-26,27

A

unicast - one source address and one destination address

multicast - one source to many destinations

broadcast - one to all

169.254

27
Q

when looking at the most common routing protocols, what are the 3 main categories?

within these categories, what are the 4 most common types?

1-29

A

link state
distance vector
hybrid

link state - OSPF, IS-IS
distance vector - RIP and RIPv2

28
Q

explain EIGRP

how is its metric more sophisticated than RIP?

1-28

A

enhanced interior gateway routing protocol

a cisco proprietary protocol, combines distance vector with link state protocols

uses connection bandwidth and delay

29
Q

what is OSPF?
what algorithm does it use?
what’s its big advantage?
T/F: the most common link state protocol

1-28

A

open shortest path first
uses the shortest path first algorithm, from Dijkstra
FAST convergence when there’s a change in the network
true

30
Q

explain RIP

1-28

A

routing information protocol

obsolete, replaced by RIPv2, OSPF,IS-IS

uses a “hop” count

31
Q

what is link state?

how does this protocol send its information?

1-29

A

link-the interface
state-attributes of the interface

via LSA, these are link state advertisements

32
Q

explain distance vector

1-29

A

protocols that put factors of “how far” and “which direction” against a routing table

33
Q

T/F: EIGRP, OSPF, and RIPv2 are all dynamic protocols.

match protocols to metric types:
hop
bandwidth
mtu
delay
costs
latency
1-29,30
A

true

hop-RIP
EIGRP - mtu, bandwidth, delay
OSPF - cost
latency - ? similar to delay

34
Q

what is the formula for calculating cost?

what protocol stops logical loops?

1-30

A

(10^8)/bandwidth

bandwidth is in bits per second

Spanning Tree Protocol

35
Q

T/F: all ports assigned to the same VLAN are logically in the same subnet, regardless of where those parts are in the network.

1-31

A

true

36
Q

what is the most common trunking protocol?

match layer 2 and layer 3 to routers, switch, broadcast domains and collision domains

1-33

A

IEEE 802.1q

Layer 2 - switch, collision
Layer 3 - router, broadcast

37
Q 
tell me the most common TCP and UDP default ports and their protocols:
FTP
SSH
Telnet
SMTP
DNS
DHCP
HTTP
NTP
A 
20,21     TCP
22     TCP
23     TCP
25     TCP
53     both
67,68     TCP
80     both
123     TCP
38
Q

continue with the TCP and UDP ports and protocols:
IMAP
SNMP
RDP

A

143 TCP
161 UDP
3389 TCP

39
Q

TCP

connection oriented or not?
which layer?
flow control?
sequencing?
error detection?
error correction?
guarantee or best-effort?
explain its 3 way handshake
what is its transport protocol?

1-41

A 
connection oriented
transport layer (4 of OSI)
yes, provides flow control
yes
yes
yes
guaranteed delivery
SYN ->   
IP
40
Q

FTP

name?
within intranet or throughout internet?
which layer?
transport mechanism?
remote browsing allowed?

1-41

A

file transport protocol

both
application layer (7) of OSI
TCP
yes

41
Q

UDP

name?
layer?
transport protocol?
connection oriented or not?
how many fields in its header?

1-41

A 
user datagram protocol
transport layer (4) of OSI
IP
not, is "fire and forget"
4
42
Q

DHCP. what is its full name?

1-42

A

dynamic host configuration protocol

43
Q

TFTP

name?
connection oriented or not?
does this make it similar to FTP or not?
which protocol does it use?

1-42

A

trivial file transfer protocol
not
not similar
UDP, is connectionless

44
Q

DNS

name?
what does it facilitate?

1-42

A

domain name system

“friendly naming”

45
Q

HTTP

name?
purpose?
all requests in clear text or not?

1-43

A

hypertext transfer protocol

is the protocol that users utilize to browse the WWW

yes, all requests in clear tet

46
Q

HTTPS

name?
what does it use for encryption?
does the client, server, or both need to be able to support HTTPS in order for HTTPS to take place?

1-43

A

hypertext transfer protocol secure
secure sockets layer
both

47
Q

ARP

name?
layer’s of both models?
purpose?

1-43

A

address resolution protocol
OSI-network
TCP/IP-internet
resolve IP address to MAC address

48
Q

SIP - name and purpose?

RTP - name and purpose?

1-44

A

session initiation protocol - set up and tear down voice calls and video calls over the internet

real-time transport protocol - defines packet format for streaming, video conferencing, push to talk apps

49
Q

SSH

name?
purpose?
is entire session encrypted or not?

1-44

A

secure shell
to log into a computer remotely, execute commands, and move files
yes, entire session is encrypted

50
Q

POP3

name?
purpose?
drawback?

1-44

A

post office protocol version 3

used to retrieve email from SMTP servers
authentication is done in clear text

51
Q

IMAPv4 - name and purpose

Telnet - purpose

what is Telnet’s main problem?

1-45

A

internet message access protocol version 4 - to retrieve email from SMTP servers

Telnet - to access and control network devices

NOT SECURE

52
Q

SMTP

name?
defines what?
layer?
transport mechanism (protocol)
guaranteed error free delivery or is it best effort?

1-45

A 
simple mail transfer protocol
defines how email messages are sent between hosts on a network
application layer of OSI
TCP
guaranteed error free delivery
53
Q

SNMP 2/3

name?
state the advantages

1-46

A

simple network management protocol, versions 2 and 3

2: more user friendly over version 1
3: added security measures

54
Q

ICMP

name?
layer? both models?
purposes? there are 4 of them

1-46

A 
internet control message protocol
OSI - network layer, TCP/IP - internet layer
1.error checking
2.reporting functionality
3.ping utility
4.source quench messages
55
Q

IGMP

name?
purpose?

1-46

A

internet group management protocol

standard for IP multicasting on intranets, used to establish host memberships in multicast groups or a single network

56
Q

TLS

name?
function?
what is its predecessor?

1-47

A

transport layer security
allows network devices to communicate across a network while avoiding eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery

its predecessor was SSL

57
Q

state the 3 main components of DNS.
explain them to me

1-47

A
  1. DNS Server - contain software and configuration, allowing them to resolve hostnames to IP addresses.
  2. DNS Records -
    A - resolve hostname to IPv4 address
    MX - specifies the mail server responsible
    AAAA - same as A, but for IPv6
    CNAME - canonical name, alias to other records
    PTR - pointer, retrieves a resolution
  3. Dynamic DNS - notifies the server to update its database
58
Q

networking troubleshooting methodology

tell me the 14 steps

1-49,50,51

A

just kidding, f that crap

59
Q

tell me the 6 virtual network components.

what is PBX?

1-52,53,54

A
  1. virtual switches
  2. ” desktops
  3. ” servers
  4. ” PBX
  5. onsite vs offsite
  6. network as a service (NaaS)

private business exchange

Network + (5 decks)

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