Chapter 1 - Network Fundamentals Flashcards
Which statement is a valid reason the OSI reference model was created?
A. It encourages vendors to create proprietary standards for any component of the
OSI.
B. It allows for changes on one layer to apply to another layer so they can work together.
C. It prevents industry standardization of network processes.
D. It divides network communication into smaller components for design and troubleshooting.
- D. The OSI reference model was created to divide the network communication process into smaller components for standardization, design, and troubleshooting purposes. It also allows for a nonproprietary standardization of components and prevents a change at one layer from affecting other layers.
When a program uses encryption such as SSL, which layer is responsible? A. Presentation layer
B. Transport layer
C. Data Link layer
D. Session layer
- A. The Presentation layer is responsible for encryption and decryption. Web servers use SSL to encrypt data and the client uses SSL to decrypt the data. SSL processing for both server and client is done at the Presentation layer.
- Which device would primarily function at the Data Link layer?
A. Routers B. Firewalls C. Gateways
D. Switches
- D. Switches primarily function at the Data Link layer. They inspect frames to direct traffic to the appropriate port by employing source MAC address learning and forward/filter decisions.
Which is the proper order of the OSI layers?
A.Application,Transport,Session,Presentation,Network,DataLink,Physical B. Presentation,Application,Session,Transport,Network,DataLink,Physical C. Application,Presentation,Session,Transport,Network,DataLink,Physical D. Application,Presentation,Transport,Network,Session,DataLink,Physical
- C. A simple way of remembering the order of the OSI layers is with a mnemonic such as All People Seem To Need Drinking Parties or All People Seem To Need Data Processing.
- Which OSI layer is responsible for logical addressing? A. Transport layer
B. Network layer
C. Application layer
D. Data Link layer
- B. The Network layer is responsible for logical addressing. Routers use logical addressing for path determination to remote networks the same way the post office uses zip codes and street addresses to route mail.
- Which OSI layer is responsible for connection-oriented communication?
A. Transport layer
B. Presentation layer C. Data Link layer
D. Application layer
- A. Connection-oriented communication happens at the Transport layer with TCP. TCP uses a three-way handshake to establish a connection. Once it is established, sequences and acknowledgments make sure that data is delivered. Both server and client have a virtual circuit during the establishment.
- Which layer is responsible for compression and decompression?
A. Application layer B. Physical layer
C. Session layer
D. Presentation layer
- D. The Presentation layer is responsible for compression and decompression. Compression methods can be MP3, JPG, and ZIP, which reduce the number of bits that need to be transmitted over the network. Often web servers use gzip to speed up page delivery. One end compresses and the other end decompresses the data.
- Which layer of the OSI is responsible for dialog control of applications? A. Application layer
B. Physical layer C. Session layer
D. Network layer
- C. Applications are found in the upper three layers and dialog control is found in the session layer. An example of dialog control is how an application such as instant messaging sends messages with half-duplex conversations like a walkie-talkie.
- At which layer of the OSI can you find DTE and DCE interfaces?
A. Application layer B. Physical layer
C. Session layer
D. Transport layer
- B. DTE and DCE interfaces are defined at the Physical layer. The original interfaces referred to computers and modems, respectively. However, today the DTE and DCE interfaces define the equipment such as hosts and switches, respectively.
- At which DoD model layer does Telnet, TFTP, SNMP, and SMTP function?
A. Host-to-Host layer
B. Process/Application layer C. Internet layer
D. Network Access layer
- B. Telnet, TFTP, SNMP, and SMTP all function at the Process/Application layer according to the DoD model. The Process/Application layer is a macro layer combining the Application, Presentation, and Session layers of the OSI model.
- An administrator is checking to make sure that SNMP is working properly. Which is the highest layer checked in the OSI if it is working successfully?
A. Application layer B. Presentation layer C. Session layer
D. Network layer
- A. Since SNMP is an application, if it returns back successfully, then we can conclude that the Application layer on the client successfully made a connection to the Application layer on the server.
- The receiving computer checked the checksum of a frame. It had been damaged during transfer, so it is discarded. At which layer of the OSI did this occur?
A. Physical layer B. Data Link layer C. Network layer
D. Session layer
- B. The Data Link layer is responsible for checking the FCS, or Frame Checking Sequence, which is a checksum of the frame. This occurs on the MAC sublayer of the Data Link layer.
13. Which layer in the DoD model is responsible for routing? A. Host-to-Host layer B. Process/Application layer C. Internet layer D. Network Access layer
- C. The Internet layer of the DoD model maps to the Network layer of the OSI model. The Network layer is where routing occurs.
- Which devices create collision domains, raising effective bandwidth? A. Firewalls
B. Hubs
C. Routers
D. Switches
- D. Switches create collision domains by isolating the possibility of a collision to the segment it is transmitting to or receiving frames from. This in turn raises effective bandwidth for the rest of the segments.
- Which device acts like a multiport repeater?
A. Firewall B. Hub
C. Router
D. Switch
- B. A hub is a multiport repeater. When a hub receives a frame, it will repeat the frame on all other ports, regardless of whether or not the port is the destination host.
- Which layer of the OSI defines the PDU, or protocol data unit, of segments?
A. Application layer B. Session layer
C. Network layer
D. Transport layer
- D. The segment PDU is found at the Transport layer of the OSI. TCP/IP comprises two protocols at this layer: TCP and UDP, which create segments.
- Which device will create broadcast domains and raise effective bandwidth?
A. Firewall B. Hub
C. Router
D. Switch
- C. A router will stop broadcasts by default. If you add a router to a flat network, which is a single broadcast domain, you effectively raise bandwidth by reducing the number of broadcasts
- Which is a correct statement about MAC addresses?
A. Organizationally unique identifiers (OUIs) create a unique MAC address. B. The first 24 bits of a MAC address is specified by the vendor.
C. The IEEE is responsible for MAC address uniqueness.
D. If the I/G bit is set to 1, then the frame identifies a broadcast or multicast.
- D. When the Individual/Group (I/G) high order bit is set to 1, the frame is a broadcast or a multicast transmission. The OUI assigned by the IEEE is only partially responsible for MAC uniqueness. The vendor is responsible for the last 24 bits of a MAC address
19. Which access/contention method is used for Ethernet? A. CSMA/CA B. CSMA/CD C. 802.2 D. Token passing
- B. Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) is a contention method that allows multiple devices to share the access media and detect collisions of frames.
- What is the correct order of encapsulation?
A. Userdatagrams,packets,segments,frames,bits
B. Userdatagrams,sessions,segments,packets,frames,bits
C. Userdatagrams,segments,packets,frames,bits
D. Bits,frames,sessions,packets,userdatagrams
- C. The correct order of encapsulation starting with the Application layer is user datagrams, segments, packets, frames, and bits.
- Which application provides terminal emulation over a network?
A. SNMP B. Telnet C. HTTP
D. TFTP
- B. Telnet is used for terminal emulation over a network to a device expecting terminal emulation, such as a router or switch.
- Which protocol is responsible for identifying upper-layer network protocols at the Data Link layer?
A. LLC B. MAC C. 802.3
D. FCS
- A. Logical Link Control (LLC) is responsible for identifying network protocols at the Data Link layer. This allows the Data Link layer to forward the packet to the appropriate upper-layer protocol.
- The translation of ASCII to EBCDIC is performed at which layer of the OSI?
A. Application layer B. Session layer
C. Presentation layer
D. Data Link layer
- C. The Presentation layer is responsible for translation such as ASCII to EBCDIC. All translation, encryption/decryption, and compression/decompression happens at the Presentation layer.
24. Which is not a common cause for LAN congestion? A. Broadcasts B. Multicasts C. Adding switches for connectivity D. Using multiple hubs for connectivity
- C. Broadcasts, multicasts, and multiple hubs for connectivity are all common causes of LAN congestion. Adding switches for connectivity has no direct relationship to LAN congestion, since switches create collision domains and raise effective bandwidth.