Chapter 1: Nature of Psychology Flashcards
It is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
psychology
It is the process of examining and measuring one’s own thoughts and mental activities.
objective introspection
It is an early perspective in psychology associated with Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener, in which the focus of study is the structure or basic elements of the mind.
structuralism
Associated with William James, it is an early perspective in psychology in which the focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play.
functionalism
An early perspective in psychology that focuses on perception and sensation, particularly the perception of patterns and whole figures.
Gestalt psychology from the German word “gestalt” meaning “an organized whole” or “configuration”
The science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only.
Behaviorism
It is an insight therapy based on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the revealing of unconscious conflicts; Freud’s term for both the theory and the therapy based on it.
psychoanalysis
Known to be the father of behaviorism.
John Watson
She earned her master’s degree under the supervision of John Watson, and was one of the early pioneers of behavior therapy.
Mary Cover Jones
The experiment wherein a little boy was taught to fear a white rat.
Little Albert experiment
It is the experiment that Jones did, copying the Little Albert but introduced the concept of counterconiditioning.
Little Peter experiment
It is the modern version of psychoanalysis that is more focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of motivations behind a person’s behavior other than sexual motivations.
psychodynamic perspective.
It is the “third force” in psychology that focuses on those aspects of personality that make people uniquely human, such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice.
humanistic perspective
It is a modern perspective in psychology that focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning.
cognitive perspective
It is the study of the physical changes in the brain and nervous system during thinking.
cognitive neurosceince
It is the perspective that focuses on the influence of social interactions, society, and culture on an individual’s thinking and behavior; in psychopathology, it is an approach that examines the impact of social interactions ,community, and culture on a person’s thinking, behavior, and emotions.
sociocultural perspective
It is the perspective that attributes human and animal behavior to biological events occurring in the body, such as genetic influences, hormones, and the activity of the nervous system.
biopsychological perspective
It is the perspective that focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share.
evolutionary perspective
A professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology.
psychologist
A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.
psychiatrist
It is a social worker with some training in therapy methods who focuses on the environmental conditions that can have an impact on mental disorders, such as poverty, overcrowding, stress, and drug abuse.
psychiatric social worker
It is the making of reasoned judgments about claims.
critical thinking
It is the system of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced.
scientific approach
It is a general explanation of a set of observations or facts.
theory
