Chapter 1 - MIS8 Flashcards
Computers and Information Systems used By:
- Organizations to reduce costs and gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace
- Students for online classes
- Grocery and retail stores
- Telecommuters
Information systems and _______ are terms that are used interchangeably
information technologies
Understanding the role of information in generating and using ____________ that:
Provides historical, current, and predictive views of business operations and environments
Gives organizations a competitive advantage in the marketplace
business intelligence (BI)
Transaction-Processing Systems (TPSs)
- Focus on data collection and processing
- Mainly used for cost reduction
3, Applied to structured tasks ie. record keeping - Require minimal human involvement when automated
Management Information System (MIS) is an organized integration of:
- Hardware and software technologies
- Data
- Processes
- Human elements
Designed to produce timely, integrated, relevant, accurate, and useful information for making decisions
Major Components of an Information System
- Data
- Database
- Process
- Information
When it comes to ____ designing involves:
- Defining the system’s objectives
- Collecting and analyzing data
- Providing information in a useful format for decision-making purposes
Management Information System (MIS)
Data in a Management Information System (MIS):
- Consists of raw facts
- Sources of data
- Internal and External Data Sources - Has a time orientation
- Can be collected in different forms
- Aggregated vs. Disaggregated Data
Examples of Internal Data Sources
Sales and Personnel Records
Examples of External Data Sources
- Customers, competitors, and suppliers
- Government agencies and financial institutions
- Labor and population statistics and economic conditions
Databases in a Management Information System (MIS):
- Collection of relevant data organized in a series of integrated files
- Essential for the success of any information system
- Database management system (DBMS)
- Reduces personnel time needed to gather, process, and interpret data manually
Processes in a Management Information System (MIS) generates the most useful type of information for decision making, including:
- Transaction-processing reports
2. Models for decision analysis that can be built into the system or accessed from external sources
Information in a Management Information System (MIS) consists of facts analyzed by the process component and is an output of an information system and its usefulness depends on the following qualities:
- Timeliness
- Integration with other data and information
- Consistency and accuracy
- Relevance
Information Systems support and use:
- The Internet
- Computer networks
- Database systems
- Point-of-sale (POS) systems
- Radio-frequency-identification (RFID) tags
Four Ms of resources
Manpower, machinery, materials, and money
Personnel information system (PIS) or human resource information system (HRIS)
Designed to provide information that helps decision makers in personnel carry out tasks effectively
Logistics information system (LIS)
Designed to reduce the cost of transporting materials while maintaining safe and reliable delivery
Manufacturing information system (MFIS) used to manage manufacturing resources so that companies can:
- Reduce manufacturing costs
- Increase product quality
- Improve inventory decisions
Financial information system (FIS)
Used to provide information to financial executives in a timely manner
Marketing information system (MKIS)
- Used to improve marketing decisions
2. Provides timely, accurate, and integrated information about the marketing mix (Price, promotion, place, and product)
Marketing Technology Tools
- Business analytics
- Web and mobile analytics
- E-mail marketing
- Search engine optimization (SEO)
- Mobile technologies
- Marketing automation
Michael Porter, a professor at Harvard Business School, identified three strategies for successfully competing in the market:
- Overall cost leadership
- Differentiation
- Focus
______ analyzes a firm’s position in the marketplace and how information systems can be used to make it more competitive
Porter’s Five Forces Model
The 5 Forces of “Porter’s Five Forces Model” are:
- Buyer power
- Supplier power
- Threat of substitute products or services
- Threat of new entrants
- Rivalry among existing competitors
Buyer power
High when customers have many choices and low when customers have few choices
Supplier power
High when customers have fewer options and low when customers have more options
Threat of substitute products or services
High when many alternatives to an organization’s products and services are available
Threat of new entrants
- Low when duplicating a company’s product or service is difficult
- Focus strategies are used to ensure that the threat remains low
Rivalry among existing competitors
- High when competitors occupy the same marketplace position
2, Low when there are few competitors
Categories of IT Jobs
- Operations and help desk
- Programming
- Systems design
- Web design and Web hosting
- Network design and maintenance
- Database design and maintenance
- Robotics and artificial intelligence
Chief technology officer (CTO)/chief information officer (CIO)
Oversees long-range planning and monitors new developments that can affect a company’s success
Chief privacy officer (CPO)
Responsible for managing risks and business impacts of privacy laws and policies
Manager of information systems services
Responsible for managing hardware, software, and personnel in the information systems department
Systems analyst
- Responsible for the design and implementation of information systems
- Should have a sound understanding of business systems and functional areas within a business organization
Network administrators
- Oversee a company’s internal and external network systems
2. Provide network and cybersecurity
Database administrators (DBA)
- Responsible for database design and implementation
2. Required to have knowledge and understanding of data warehouses and data-mining tools
Computer programmers
Write programs or software segments that allow the information system to perform a specific task
Webmasters
- Design and maintain the organization’s Web site
2. Have been in high demand owing to the popularity of e-commerce applications
Outlook for the Future
- Hardware and software costs will decline
- Artificial intelligence and related technologies will improve and expand
- Computer literacy and networking technology will improve
- Personal computers will improve in power and quality
- Internet growth will continue
- Computer criminals will become more sophisticated
7, Ubiquitous computing and the Internet of Things (IoT)
