Chapter 1 Microbial World and You

Question 1

Microbes that live stably in and on the human body are called the human

Answer 1

microbiome

Question 2

Which type of microorganism has a cell wall largely composed
of carbohydrate and protein complex called peptidoglycan?

Answer 2

Archaea

Question 3

Define Spontaneous generation

Answer 3

the hypothesis that life arises from nonliving matter; a “vital force” is necessary for life

Question 4

Define Biogenesis

Answer 4

The hypothesis that living cells arise only from preexisting living cells

Question 5

He was the probably the first to observe live microorganisms through the magnifying lenses of more than 400 microscopes he made, and he made detailed drawings of organisms he found in rainwater, feces and material scraped from teeth

Answer 5

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 6

What is germ theory of disease?

Answer 6

determines that a specific microbe causes a specific disease

Question 7

Who was the first to discover antibiotic and it was by accident?

Answer 7

Alexander Fleming: credited for the disco very of Penicillin after finding mold had developed on his Stap. bacteria petri dish when he returned from a vacation.

Question 8

He was the first to practice using phenol (carbolic acid) as a wound disinfectant.

Answer 8

Joseph Lister

Question 9

List the 7 Emerging Infectious Diseases found in the text:

Answer 9

1) Zika virus
2) Middle-Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS)
3) Swine flu (H1N1)
4) Avian Influenza A (H5N1)
5) Methylcillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
6) Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF)
7) Marburg virus

Question 10

Microorganisms

Answer 10

organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

Question 11

Bacteria

Answer 11

Non nucleus
Cell walls contain peptidoglycan

Question 12

Archaea

Answer 12

No nucleus
Found in extreme environments

Question 12

Viruses

Answer 12

Incapable of reproduction without infecting a living cell
(Covid-19)
Not living replicate & reproduce

Question 13

Protozoa

Answer 13

Single-celled organisms with nuclei
Animals

Question 14

Fungi

Answer 14

Can be single/multi-cellular
have a nuclei
cell walls contain chitin
molds

Question 15

Pathogenic Microbes

Answer 15

Disease producing
decompose organic waste
generate O2 by photosynthesis
produces ethanol, acetone, and vitimans Food vinegar, cheese, bread

Question 16

Describe some of the destructive and beneficial actions of microbes

Answer 16

+ Produce chemicals (fermentation cheese /alcohol/flavor for food)
- Viruses like Covid-19

Question 17

Micorobiota

Answer 17

a collection of acquired microorganisms on or in a healthy human being
(steril newborns, colonize body like e coli, colonize fleeting getting sick)

Question 18

Genus nomenclature

Answer 18

Capitalized

Question 19

specific epithet

Answer 19

lower case

Question 20

Archaea

Answer 20

are prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan cell walls or may lack a cell wall entirely!!

Question 21

Viruses

Answer 21

Acellular and consist of DNA or RNA at the core but cannot have both which is surrounding by a protein coat of enclosed lipid envelopes

Question 22

Multicellular Animal Parasites/ Helminths

Answer 22

Eukaryotes, multicellular animals, parasitic flatworms and roundworms

Question 23

Who described 1st as boxes or cells leading to cell theory?

Answer 23

Robert Hooke
Cell theory: All living things are composed of cells

Question 24

Who was the 1st to describe it as “Animalcules”?

Answer 24

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
viewed through magnifying lenses

Question 25

Who demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air?

Answer 25

Louis Pasteur

Question 26

Who advocated hand washing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever?

Answer 26

Ignaz Semmelweis

Question 27

Who performed surgery under aseptic conditions using phenol. Proving that microbes caused surgical wound infections?

Answer 27

Joseph Lister

Question 28

Kochs Postulates
Robert Koch established steps for directly linking a specific microbe to a specific disease.

Answer 28

1. “Microorganisms” are isolated from diseased animal.
2. ”” are grown in pure culture.
3. ”” are inoculated in healthy lab animals
4. Disease is reproduced in lab animals
5. ”” are isolated from animal and grown in pure culture.
6. ”” are identified

Question 29

What are Antibiotics?

Answer 29

Chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes

Question 30

Paul Ehrich
Magic Bullet

Answer 30

proposed that a magic bullet could destroy a pathogen without harming the host. Arsenic was used to treat syphilis

Question 31

Mycology

Answer 31

the study of fungi

Question 32

Parasitology

Answer 32

is the study of protozoa and parasitic worms

Question 33

Gene therapy

Answer 33

where missing or defective genes in human cells can be replaced

Question 34

EIDs
Emerging infections disease

Answer 34

New diseases and disease increasing in incidence like COVID-19

Question 34

Biofilms

Answer 34

microbes attach to solid surfaces and grow into masses.
condominium complex self well maintained