Chapter 1: Mental Health and Mental Illness

Question 1

_____ ____ and ____ ____ are defined by the times and the culture

Answer 1

Mental health and mental illness

Question 2

Continuum of Mental Health and Mental Illness

Answer 2

Mental health and mental illness are not an either/or proposition
Most people are not at either end of the spectrum
Most people are somewhere between the two poles
What constitutes mental health and mental illness also changes over cultures and time

Question 3

The successful adaptation to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age-appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms

Answer 3

Mental health

Question 4

Maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms and interfere with the individual’s social, occupational, or physical functioning

Answer 4

Mental illness

Question 5

Mental, physical, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infermity

Answer 5

Health as defined by WHO

Question 6

A state of well-being in which each individual is able to realize his or her own potential, cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and make a contribution to the community. Includes prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation

Answer 6

Mental health as defined by WHO

Question 7

Mental health includes rational thinking, communication skills, emotional growth, learning, resilience and self-esteem

Answer 7

US department of health and human services

Question 8

Evolved over time and subject to culture.
Clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome.
Distress, disability or the risk of suffering disability or loss of freedom.
Can involve behavior, mood or thinking disorders or any combination of these.

Answer 8

Psychiatry’s definition of mental illness

Question 9

Able to recognize own potential.
Cope with normal stress.
Work productively.
Make contribution to community.

Answer 9

Mental health

Question 10

Traits of mental health

Answer 10

Ability to: 
Think rationally 
Communicate appropriately 
Learn
Grow emotionally 
Be resilient 
Have healthy self-esteem 
Happiness, appraisal of reality, healthy self-concept

Question 11

Disorders with definable diagnosis.
Significant dysfunction in mental functioning r/t: developmental, biological, physiological disturbances
Culturally defined
Becomes illness when person is distress by sx and can’t fulfill expected roles

Answer 11

Mental illness

Question 12

Ability and capacity to secure resources needed to support well-being.
Characterized by: optimism, sense of mastery, competence
Essential to recovery.
Closely associated with the process of adapting.
Recognize feelings and readily deal with them.
Doesn’t mean you are not affected by negative events, just use them to learn and grow

Answer 12

Resilience

Question 13

Biological predisposition, genetic component

Answer 13

Diathesis

Question 14

Environmental ___ or trauma

Answer 14

stress

Question 15

Most accepted explanation for mental illness. Combination of genetic vulnerability and negative environmental stressors. Nature/nurture

Answer 15

Diathesis-Stress Model

Genetic predisposition can be triggered by environmental factors

Question 16

Social influences of Mental Health Care

Answer 16

Consumer/recovery movement 
National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) 
Decade of the brain 
New Freedom Commission on Mental Health 
Mental Health Parity Act

Question 17

Quantitative study of the distribution of mental disorders in human populations

Answer 17

Epidemiology

Question 18

Number of new cases in a healthy population within a given period of time

Answer 18

Incidence

Question 19

Number of cases, new and existing, in a given population during a specific time period, regardless of when they were first diagnosed

Answer 19

Prevalence

>20% of adults 18 and older have a diagnosable mental illness

Question 20

More than one psychiatric condition at a time

Answer 20

Co-morbid condition

Question 21

Epidemiology of Mental Disorders

Answer 21

Study distribution of mental disorders: identify high-risk groups; identify high-risk factors
Lead to etiology of mental disorder
Use information to: improve clinical practice; plan public health policies

Question 22

Groups treated for specific mental disorders studied for: natural hx of illness; diagnostic screening tests; interventions.
Results used to describe frequency of: mental disorders; sx appearing together

Answer 22

Clinical epidemiology

How it is dx, progresses, is treated

Question 23

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition
Official medical guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association for diagnosing psychiatric disorders

Answer 23

DSM-5

Diagnostic criteria; prevalence; who is more likely to be dx; s/s

Question 24

The DSM-IV-TR Multiaxial System

Answer 24

Axis I: mental disorder that is the focus of treatment
Axis II: Personality disorders and mental retardation
Axis III: General medical disorder relevant to the mental disorder in axis I
Axis IV: Psychosocial and environmental problems
Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning

Question 25

International Classification of Diseases.

Clinical descriptions of mental and behavior disorders: 2 broad classifications, subclassifications

Answer 25

ICD-9-CM

Question 26

Psychiatric mental health nurses

Answer 26

Employ purposeful use of self.
Use nursing, psychosocial, neurobiological theories and research.
Work with people throughout the life span
Employed in a variety of settings

Question 27

The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International
Describes a nursing diagnosis as a clinical judgement about individual, family, or community responses to actual or potential health problems and life processes

Answer 27

NANDA-I

Question 28

Future Challenges and Roles

Answer 28

Aging population 
Increasing cultural diversity 
Expanding technology 
Patient advocacy 
Legislative involvement

Question 29

Current information suggests that the most disabling mental disorders are the result of

a) biological influences.
b) psychological trauma.
c) learned ways of behaving.
d) faulty patterns of early nurturance.

Answer 29

a) biological influences.

Question 30

The prevalence rate over a 12-month period for major depressive disorder is

a) lower than the prevalence rate for panic disorders.
b) greater than the prevalence rate for psychotic disorders.
c) equal to the prevalence rate for psychotic disorders.
d) greater than the prevalence rate for generalized anxiety.

Answer 30

d) greater than the prevalence rate for generalized anxiety.
Statistics show that the prevalence rate over a 12-month period for major depressive disorder is 6.7%, and the lifetime prevalence rate for generalized anxiety is 3.1%.