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CHEM1045 > Chapter 1 - Matter, Measurement And Problem Solving > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Matter, Measurement And Problem Solving Flashcards

1
Q
  • The smallest unit of matter

* The building blocks of matter

A

Atom

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2
Q

•Two or more atoms attached by bonds

A

Molecule

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3
Q
  • Descriptive Observation

* Ex: Soda is a brown liquid with sweet taste.

A

Qualitative

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4
Q
  • Numerical Observation

* Ex: 240mL of Soda contains 27g of sugar

A

Quantitive

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5
Q

“In a chemical reaction matter is neither created nor destroyed.”

A

Law of Conservation of Mass

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6
Q

A process of experimentation used to explore observations and answer questions.

A

Scientific Method

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7
Q
  • 1st part of Scientific Method

* observations are made that lead to questions

A

Observation

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8
Q
  • 2nd part of Scientific Method
  • An educated guess on a possible explanation
  • Testable
  • “If…then…”
A

Hypothesis

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9
Q
  • 3rd part of Scientific Method

* a valid test

A

Experiment

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10
Q

An experiment that it is purposely missing the independent variable is the _______.

A

Control Experiment

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11
Q
  • 4th part of the Scientific Method

* Statistical analysis

A

Analyzing Data

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12
Q

When your rejecting or supporting the hypothesis you are forming a _____.

A

Conclusion

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13
Q

The difference between a theory and a hypothesis is that _____

A

A theory is largely supported by evidence, while a hypothesis is an educated guess.

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14
Q

When a theory gains even more support it tends to become a ____.

A

Law

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15
Q
  • The Variable being tested
  • X-axis
  • There is always only ONE per experiment
  • Ex: the liquid used to water a plant
A

Independent Variable

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16
Q
  • The data recorded
  • Y-axis
  • Ex: The growth of a plant
A

Dependent Variable

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17
Q
  • The variable that is kept constant

* Ex: The type of plant used

A

Controlled (Constant) Variable

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18
Q

Anything that occupies space

A

Matter

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19
Q

The physical form in which matter exists

A

State of matter

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20
Q
  • Definite shape and volume

* Particles are packed tightly

A

Solids

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21
Q
  • Definite volume
  • No definite shape
  • Particles move more freely
A

Liquids

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22
Q
  • No definite shape or volume
  • Fast moving particles with no arrangement
  • Expands to fill container in which it is placed
A

Gas

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23
Q

Matter that is made up of only one type of substance

A

Pure substance

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24
Q

Pure substances can be separated into ____ and _____.

A

Elements and Compounds

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25
Q
  • An _____ is the simplest type of matter because it is made up of only one type of atom
  • Ex: Oxygen
A

Element

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26
Q
  • A ____ is a pure substance made up of two or more element joined together chemically
  • Ex: H2O
A

Compound

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27
Q

Mixtures can be divided into ____ and _____.

A

Homogenous and Heterogenous

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28
Q
  • A ____ ____ is one whose composition is the same throughout.
  • Ex: Air, Tea
A

Homogenous Mixture

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29
Q
  • A ____ ____ is one whose composition is varies throughout

* Ex: Chicken noodle soup

A

Heterogenous Mixture

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30
Q
  • A change in the state of matter
  • Identity remains the same
  • Ex: freezing water
A

Physical Change

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31
Q
  • A change in the chemical identity of a substance

* Ex: Charcoal burning, rusting

A

Chemical Change

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32
Q
  • Solids that have their particles arranged in patterns with long range repeating order
  • Ex: Salt, Diamonds
A

Crystalline Solids

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33
Q
  • Solids that have their particles randomly distributed without any long range pattern
  • Ex: Glass, Plastic
A

Amorphous Solids

34
Q

The capacity to do work

A

Energy

35
Q

Changes in matter, both physical and chemical, result in

A

The matter either gaining or releasing energy

36
Q

The action of a force applied across a distance

A

Work

37
Q
  • The energy of motion

* Ex: A Box falling

A

Kinetic Energy

38
Q
  • Energy that is stored in matter due to its composition of matter and its position relative to other things
  • Ex: A Spring, gasoline, food
A

Potential Energy

39
Q

Is it possible to convert one form of Energy to another?

A

Yes

40
Q

Whatever process you do that converts energy from one type to another, the total amount of energy remains the same.

A

Law of Conservation of Energy

41
Q

Materials that possess ____ potential energy are less stable.

A

High

42
Q

The Standard Units

1) length:
2) mass:
3) time:
4) temperature:

A

1) meter (m)
2) kilogram (kg)
3) seconds (s)
4) kelvin (K)

43
Q

Higher temperature =

A

Higher kinetic Energy

44
Q

Formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit

A

F = 1.8(C)+32

45
Q

Formula for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius

A

C = (F-32)/1.8

46
Q

Formula for converting Celsius to Kelvin

A

K = C+273.15

• (Kelvins have no degree signs)

47
Q

Convert 40.00 Celsius into K and F

A 
K = 313.15 K
F = 104.00 F
48
Q

Formula for Volume

A

Mass/Density

• 1 mL/ 1 cm^3

49
Q

How long (in cm) is one inch?

A

2.54cm

50
Q
  • Properties whose value depends on the quantity of matter

* Mass and Volume

A

Extensive properties

51
Q
  • Properties whose value is independent of the quantity of matter
  • Density
A

Intensive properties

52
Q

Volume of a solid can be determined by water displacement

A

Archimedes principle

53
Q

Density is: solids > liquids&raquo_space;> gases, for all substances expect

A

Water (Ice is less dense than liquid water)

54
Q

What is the density of a brass sample if 100.0g added to a cylinder of water causes the water level to rise from 25.0 mL to 36.9 mL?

A

8.403 g/mL

55
Q

When reading a water level in a graduated cylinder, you read it at ____

A

Eye level with the Meniscus

56
Q
  • Exact number have an _____ number of significant figures

* Radius = Diameter/2

A

Unlimited

57
Q

How many significant figures do these measurements have?

1) 0.04450 m
2) 5.0003 km
3) 10 dm = 1 m
4) 1.000 x 105 s
5) 0.00002 mm
6) 10,000 m

A

1) 4
2) 5
3) unlimited
4) 4
5) 1
6) ambiguous

58
Q

When multiplying or diving measurements with significant figures, how many significant figures will the result have?

A

The same number of significant figures as the measurement with the lowest number of significant figures

59
Q

When adding or subtracting measurements, how many decimal places will the result have?

A

The same as the measurement with the lowest number of decimals

60
Q

Perform the following calculations

1) 1.10 x 0.5120 x 4.0015 : 3.4555
2) 0.355 + 105.1 - 100.5820
3) (14.84 x 0.55) - 8.02

A

1) 0.652
2) 4.9
3) 0.1

61
Q

An indication of how close a measurement comes to the actual value of the quantity

A

Accuracy

62
Q

An indication of how close repeated measurements are to each other

A

Precision

63
Q

Convert 1.76 yd to cm

A 
1 m = 1.094 yd
1 m = 100 cm
1.79 yd x 1 m/1.094 yd x 100cm/1m
=160.8775 
= 161 cm
64
Q

Convert 30.0 mL to quarts

A

0.0317 qt

65
Q

Convert 2.11 yd^3 to cubic cm

A

1.61 x 106 cm^3

66
Q

1 meter = ____ yards

A

1.094

67
Q

1 yard = ____ feet

A

3

68
Q

1 mile = ____ feet

A

5280

69
Q

1 km = ____ miles

A

0.6214

70
Q

1 mL = ____ cm^3

A

1

71
Q

1 L = ____ dm^3

A

1

72
Q

1 L = ____ quarts

A

1.057

73
Q

1 gallon = ____ L

A

3.785

74
Q

1 kg = ____ lbs

A

2.205

75
Q

What is 1 km/L in mi/gal?

A

2.352 mi/gal

75
Q

1) 1 m^2 in cm^2

2) 1m^3 in cm^3

A

1) 100x100= 10 000 cm^2

2) 10 000x100 = 1 000 000 cm^3

76
Q

Volume formula for spheres

A

V = (4/3) x pi x r^3

77
Q

Volume for Cylinders

A

V = pi x r^2 x l

78
Q

1 foot = ___ inches

A

12

79
Q

1 yd = ___ inches

A

36

CHEM1045 (7 decks)

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