Chapter 1 - Matter and radiation

Question 0

Define the term strong nuclear force

Answer 0

The attractive force between nucleons that holds together the nucleus

Question 1

Define the term isotopes

Answer 1

Atoms with the same number of protons but varying numbers of neutrons

Question 2

Using the formula f=c/lambda what do each of the symbols stand for including units

Answer 2

F: frequency, Hz

c: speed of light in a vacuum, m/s, 3*10^8
lambda: wavelength, m

Question 3

What is the formula for specific charge?

Answer 3

specific charge = charge/mass or Q\m

Question 4

What is the overall charge of an atom?

Answer 4

0, they’re neutral

Question 5

What is specific charge measured in?

Answer 5

C/kg

Question 6

define the term electromagnetic wave

Answer 6

A wave consisting of a magnetic and electric wave travelling at right angles
They are in phase

Question 7

Define the term laser power

Answer 7

A beam of light photons of the same frequency

Question 8

When is an EM wave emitted?

Answer 8

When a charged particle loses energy

When an electron stops/changes direction/ slows down (in bursts-photons)

Question 9

Define the term antimatter

Answer 9

matter which consists of elementary particles which are exactly opposite to its normal counterpart

Question 10

What is the formula relating energy and frequency?

Answer 10

E=hf

Question 11

What is the formula for beam power?

Answer 11

Beam power = nhf, where is n is the number of photons

Question 12

What is Diracs theory?

Answer 12

When a particle and its corresponding antiparticle meet thy destroy each-other in a process known as annihilation converting their total mass into 2 photons

Question 13

What is the opposite of annihilation?

Answer 13

Pair production

Question 14

What is pair production?

Answer 14

When a photon with sufficient energy can covert into a particle and antiparticle pair which then separate

Question 15

How much energy does the photon need in pair production?

Answer 15

Twice the amount

Question 16

What is the weak nuclear force responsible for?

Answer 16

converting protons to neutrons or neutrons to protons

Question 17

Whats the minimum amount of energy produced in annihilation?

Answer 17

The rest energy of that particle

Question 18

What needs to be conserved in a reaction?

Answer 18

momentum, strangeness, charge, energy

Question 19

What is the difference between photons and W bosons

Answer 19

W bosons have a non-zero rest mass,very short range and are charged

Question 20

When 2 protons interact what is released?

Answer 20

A virtual photon which repel the 2

Question 21

What is released when a neutron decays?

Answer 21

proton, W- boson –> B- and an antineutrino

Question 22

What does a proton turn into in a proton rich nucleus?

Answer 22

neutron, W+ boson –> B+ and neutrino

Question 23

What happens in a neutron neutrino interaction?

Answer 23

neutron –> proton, W- boson –> B-

Question 24

What must you include in a Feynman diagram?

Answer 24

Arrows
Particles
Transfer particle (with charge)

Question 25

What happens in a proton antineutrino interaction?

Answer 25

proton –> neutron, W+ boson –> B+

Question 26

What happens in electron capture? In a proton rich nucleus?

Answer 26

a proton and electron interact and the proton –> neutron, W+ boson
–> neutrino

Question 27

What formula(s) do you need to use to calculate the energy of a photon when only given wavelength?

Answer 27

f=c/lambda and E=hf