Chapter 1: Matter and Energy Flashcards
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Matter
A measure of the quantity of matter
Mass
Type of matter that always has the same chemical composition, no matter what its origin
Pure Substance
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Element
A substance composed of two or more elements combined in definite proportions
Compound
Describes the composition of a compound, using symbols for the elements that make up said compound
Chemical Formula
Consists of two or more pure substances and may vary in composition
Mixture
A mixture that is uniform throughout its composition; also called a solution
Homogeneous
A mixture that is not uniform throughout its composition
Heterogeneous
The smallest unit of an element that has the chemical properties of that element
Atom
A combination of elemental units; made up of two or more atoms bound together
Molecule
A property that can be measured or observed without changing the composition of the substance (examples: mass, volume, density)
Physical Property
A property that can only be seen when the substance is undergoing chemical changes (examples: acidity, redox, reactions)
Chemical Property
A process that changes physical properties without changing the chemical composition
Physical Change
A process in which one or more substances changes into one or more NEW substances
Chemical Change
A property that describes a specific sample or amount (examples: volume, mass, size, weight)
Extensive Property
A property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter (boiling point, probability, temperature, hardness)
Intensive Property
The capacity to do work
Energy
An approach to asking questions and seeking answers that employs a variety of tools, techniques, and strategies
The Scientific Method
The taking of one or more measurements, often during an experiment, in order to test a hypothesis
Observation
Setting up a situation during which you can make observations in a careful and repeatable environment
Experiment
A guess about the connections between observations; only describes HOW nature works, not WHY
Hypothesis
A summary of the connections between observations seen during experiments, often written as an equation
Law
A collection of hypotheses about many related phenomena, all relying on the same set of underlying ideas
Theory
The mass of products obtained from a chemical reaction equals the mass of the substances that react
Law of Conservation of Mass
Prefix: mega-
Symbol: M
10^6
Prefix: kilo-
Symbol: k
10^3
Prefix: deci-
Symbol: d
10^-1
Prefix: centi-
Symbol: c
10^-2
Prefix: milli-
Symbol: m
10^-3
Prefix: micro-
Symbol: μ
10^-6
Prefix: nano-
Symbol: n
10^-9
SI unit used to describe length, width, height, depth, and/or thickness
Meter (m)
SI unit used to describe mass
Gram (g)
SI unit used to describe time or duration
Second (s)
SI used to describe volume
Liter (L)
