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Anatomy & Physiology - The Unity of Form and Function (Saladin, 9th Edition) > Chapter 1- Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

the study of structure

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2
Q

Physiology

A

the study of function

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3
Q

inspection

A

looking at the body’s appearance

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4
Q

palpation

A

feeling the structure with hands

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5
Q

auscultation

A

listening to natural sounds made bu the body, such as heart and lung sounds

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6
Q

percussion

A

the examiner taps on the body, feels for abnormal resistance, and listens to the emitted sounds

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7
Q

dissection

A

carefully cutting and separating tissues to reveal their relationship

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8
Q

comparative anatomy

A

the study of multiple species in order to examine similarities and differences and analyze evolutionary trends

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9
Q

exploratory surgery

A

opening the body and taking a look inside to see what was wrong ad what could be done about it

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10
Q

medical imaging techniques

A

methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery

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11
Q

radiology

A

the branch of medicine concerned with imaging

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12
Q

gross anatomy

A

structure that can be seen with the naked eye

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13
Q

histo

A

tissue

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14
Q

ultrastructure

A

refers to fine detail, down to the molecular level revealed by the electron microscope

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15
Q

palp

A

touch, feel

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16
Q

ation

A

process

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17
Q

auscult

A

listen

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18
Q

ana

A

apart

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19
Q

tom

A

cut

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20
Q

dis

A

apart

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21
Q

sect

A

cut

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22
Q

cadere

A

to fall down and die

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23
Q

logy

A

study of

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24
Q

cyto

A

cell

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25
Q

physio

A

nature

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26
Q

comparative physiology

A

the study of how different species ave solved problems of life such as water balance, respiration and reproduction

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27
Q

hippocrates

A

c. 460- c. 375 BCE greek physician and considered to be the father of medicine. He established a code of ethics for physicians and urged physicians to stop attributing disease to activities of gods and demons and to seek their natural causes

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28
Q

Aristotle

A

384 - 322 BCE one of the first philosophers to write about anatomy and physiology

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29
Q

Claudius Galen

A

129 - c. 200 physician to the roman gladiators, wrote the most influential medical textbook of the ancient era

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30
Q

Andreas Vesalius

A

1514-64 famous for dissections and published the first atlas of anatomy

31
Q

William Harvey

A

1578-1657 remembered for his studies of blood circulation

32
Q

Robert Hooke

A

1635-1703 designed scientific instruments of various kinds

33
Q

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

A

1632-1723 invented a simple microscope

34
Q

Matthias Schleiden (1804-81) & Theodor Schwann (1810 -82)

A

concluded that all organisms were composed of cells which became of first tenant of cell theory

35
Q

Francis Bacon (1561-1626) & Rene Descartes (1596-1650)

A

are credited for putting science on the path to modernity

36
Q

inductive method

A

process of making numerous observations until one fells confident in drawing generalizations and predication from them

37
Q

scientific fact

A

information that can be independently verified by any trained person

38
Q

law of nature

A

generalization about the predictable ways in which matter ad energy behave

39
Q

theory

A

explanatory statement or set of statements derived from facts, laws, and confirmed hypotheses

40
Q

Charles Darwin (1809- 82)

A

most influential biologist who ever lived

41
Q

evolution

A

change in the genetic composition of a population os organisms

42
Q

natural selection

A

some individuals have hereditary over their competitors

43
Q

selection pressures

A

natural forces that promote the reproductive success of some individuals more than others

44
Q

adaptations

A

features of anatomy, physiology, and behavior that evolve in response to these selection pressures

45
Q

scop

A

vision

46
Q

organism

A

single, complete individual

47
Q

organ system

A

group of organs with a unique collective function

48
Q

organ

A

structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a particular function

49
Q

tissue

A

a mass of similar cells and cell products that forms a discrete region of n organ and performs a specific function

50
Q

cells

A

smallest units of an organism that carry out all the basic functions of life

51
Q

organelles

A

microscopic structures in a cell that carryout individual functions

52
Q

molecule

A

particle composed of at least two atoms

53
Q

atoms

A

the smallest particles with unique chemical identities

54
Q

reductionism

A

the theory that a large, complex system such as the human body can be understood by studying its simpler components

55
Q

what are the characteristics of life?

A

organization, cellular composition (living things have 1 + cells), metabolism, responsiveness and movement (the ability to sense and react to stimuli), reproduction, and evolution

56
Q

homeostasis

A

the body’s ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and thereby maintain relatively stable internal conditions

57
Q

dynamic equilibrium

A

there is a certain set point for a given variable and conditions fluctuate slightly around that

58
Q

negative feedback

A

the process in which the body senses a change and activates mechanisms that negate or reverse it

59
Q

receptor

A

structure that senses changes in the body

60
Q

integrating (control) center

A

a mechanism that processes information, relates it to other available information, and makes a decision about what the appropriate response should be

61
Q

effector

A

cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action

62
Q

positive feedback

A

self-amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to even greater change in the same direction

63
Q

physiological gradient

A

a difference in chemical concentration, electrical change, physical pressure, temperature or other variable between one point and another

64
Q

eponyms

A

terms coined from the names of people

65
Q

word root (stem)

A

has the core meaning of the word

66
Q

combining vowel

A

join roots and make words easier to pronounce

67
Q

prefix

A

may be present to modify the core meaning of the word

68
Q

suffix

A

added to the end of a word to modify its core meaning

69
Q

unity of form and function

A

form and function complement each other; physiology cannot be divorced from anatomy

70
Q

cell theory

A

all structure and function result from the activity of cells

71
Q

evolution

A

the human body is the product of evolution

72
Q

hierarchy of complexity

A

human structure can be viewed as a series of levels of complexity

73
Q

homeostasis

A

the purpose of most normal physiology is to maintain stable condition within the body

74
Q

gradients and flow

A

matter and energy tend to flow down gradients such as differences in chemical concentration, pressure, temperature, and electrical charge. This accounts for much of their movement n human physiology.

Anatomy & Physiology - The Unity of Form and Function (Saladin, 9th Edition) (3 decks)

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